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Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast. Cancer starts when cells begin to grow out of control. The Philippines has the highest prevalence of breast cancer in Asia, and the 9th highest in the world today.

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Self Breast Examination    (done at least once a month)

Begin by looking at your breasts in the mirror with your shoulders straight and your arms on your hips. Raise your arms and look for dimpling, bulging of skin, nipple inversion, redness, soreness or rash While you're at the mirror, look for any signs of fluid coming out of one or both nipples (this could be a watery, milky, or yellow fluid or blood). Step 3 Step 1  Step 2

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Feel your breasts while lying down, using your right hand to feel your left breast and then your left hand to feel your right breast

Finally, fell your breasts while you are standing up. Use the same hand movements in step 4.

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Use a firm, smooth touch with the first few finger pads of your hand, keeping the fingers flat and together

You can begin at the nipple, moving in larger and larger circles until you reach the outer edge of the breast

Or you can palpate your breast by quadrants towards the nipple

You can also move your fingers up and down

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Obesity Being a woman Advanced age Main factors that influence your risk include being a woman and getting older Most breast cancers are found in women who are 50 years old or older. Older women who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of getting breast cancer than those at a normal weight.

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Consuming alcohol Being a mom over 30 Having the first pregnancy after age 30, not breastfeeding, and never having a full-term pregnancy can raise breast cancer risk. Not being pregnant Early menstrual periods before age 12 and starting menopause after age 55 expose women to hormones longer, raising their risk of getting breast cancer. Studies show that a woman’s risk for breast cancer increases with the more alcohol she drinks.

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Formation of dimples over the skin of the breast especially when arms are raised or moved.

Lumps that feel harder or different from the rest of the breast

Skin has a texture similar to an orange peel

A nipple that has changed position or an inverted nipple (pushed inward instead of sticking out )

Bloody or clear sticky discharge from one nipple

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Removal of tissue or sometimes fluid from the suspicious area. The removed cells are examined under a microscope and further tested to check for the presence of breast cancer.

A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breast to look for early signs of breast cancer.

Ultrasound may be used to determine whether a new breast lump is a solid mass or a fluid-filled cyst -Most useful initial diagnostic test for breast cancer -Usually done with ultrasound examination of axilla..

General labs exams such as CBC, liver function tests, bleeding parameters and electrolytes determine well being.

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A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breast to look for early signs of breast cancer. - All breast cancer should include mammogram  - Screening mammogram not recommended < 40 years old

Ultrasound may be used to determine whether a new breast lump is a solid mass or a fluid-filled cyst..

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Removal of tissue or sometimes fluid from the suspicious area. The removed cells are examined under a microscope and further tested to check for the presence of breast cancer. Image guided core needle biopsy Excision biopsy Incision biopsy  Vacuum assisted biopsy

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Removal of tissue or sometimes fluid from the suspicious area . The removed cells are examined under a microscope and further tested to check for the presence of breast cancer.

General labs exams such as CBC, liver function tests, bleeding parameters and electrolytes determine well being Tests to determine hormonal status can also be tested .

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Targeted drugs are designed to block the growth and spread of cancer cells.

Chemotherapy destroys cancer cells using anti-cancer drugs. It interferes with the cancer cells’ ability to divide and grow

Treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Or reduce amount of cancer

Drugs that blocks hormone receptors on breast cancer cells and stops them from growing

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Drug therapy that destroys cancer cells using anti-cancer drugs. It interferes with the cancer cells’ ability to divide and grow. typically given into a vein (IV), either as an injection over a few minutes or as an infusion over a longer period of time.

Adjuvant Chemotherapy  To kill any cancer cells that might have been left behind or have spread but can't be seen, it lowers the risk of breast cancer coming back.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy  Given before surgery to try to shrink the tumor so it can be removed with less extensive surgery. Because of this, neoadjuvant chemo is often used to treat cancers that are too big to be removed by surgery when first diagnosed.

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Treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It is given over a certain period of time. It can be given alone, before or after surgery to treat or slow the growth of the cancer.  Types of Radiation Therapy

Whole breast radiation therapy  Radiation of the whole breast Accelerated partial breast irradiation  Radiation to the area where the tumor was removed.  Lymph node radiation therapy  Radiation of the lymph nodes. It is also called regional nodal radiation

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Breast Conserving Surgery Removal of the cancer while leaving as much normal breast as possible.

Depends on the size and location of the tumor (<5cm), breast size and other factors

Allows the woman to keep most of the breast but she will most likely need radiation

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Procedure that removes the entire breast including the skin, breast, tissue, areola,  nipple and axillary (armpit) nodes

Women who are unable to have radiation therapy  Prefer to have surgery than radiation  Tumor size larger than 5cm or relative to the breast size

Some patients might undergo chemotherapy or hormonal therapy to lower the risk of the cancer coming back

Breast Cancer