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Color kenzy sameh Mohamed nagham ashraf Wednesday 6:30.
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What is Color Theory? Color theory helps in combining colors aesthetically and functionally. It’s essential for: Designers for pleasing visuals Communicators for clarity and impact Artists to convey emotion and symbolism.
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Additive theory: Light-based, mixing colors adds light Subtractive theory: Pigment-based, mixing colors subtracts light.
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Additive Color Theory. RGB are the primaries All combined = white light Used in digital media: screens, projectors Example: Red + Green = Yellow.
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Common Color Schemes. These are mathematical models to represent color: RGB (for screens) CMYK (for printers) HSB/HSI (based on perception) YUV (for analog TV).
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RGB Color Model. Each color is a mix of Red, Green, Blue Each has a value from 0–255 255,255,255 = White; 0,0,0 = Black Used in Photoshop, monitors, web design.
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CMY/CMYK Model CMY are subtractive primaries K (Black) improves shadow and saves ink Used in inkjet printers, offset printing.
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HSB/HSI Color Model Hue: basic color Saturation: how vivid the color is Brightness/Intensity: lightness More intuitive for users than RGB.
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[image] Woman walking in office. HSB – Hue Hue is like position on the color wheel Red = 0°, Green = 120°, Blue = 240° Determines color “family”.
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HSB – Saturation 100% = pure red 50% = muted red (with gray/white)0% = gray Helps control visual tone and mood HSB – Brightness High brightness = vivid, clear colors Low brightness = dark, moody tones Our eyes respond faster to brightness than color.
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YUV Color Model Y = brightness U and V = color details YUV separates light and color for bandwidth savings Popular in TV broadcasting YUV – Pros & Cons Pros: Efficient transmission Cons: Limited colors compared to RGB Not ideal for digital design.
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Color Palettes A fixed set of colors Used in early systems (256 colors)Palettes are customizable in software Crucial for web-safe color.
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Palette Flashing Problem Happens when switching images with different palettes Causes screen flicker or “flash” Fix it by using a universal palette or fading transitions.
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The Color Wheel Arranges colors in a circle Helps with finding complementary and harmonious colors Used in design and art education.
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Saturation on Color Wheel. Saturation = how “pure” or intense the color is Fully saturated colors are on the edge of the wheel Grayish colors are toward the center.
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Value on the Color Wheel. Value = lightness or darkness Affects how dramatic or soft your visuals are Good value contrast = better readability.
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Color in Info Design. Use color to guide attention Hue = categories Brightness = highlights or shadows Avoid cluttering with too many colors.
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18. Text and Background Contrast High contrast = easy reading Ex: black text on white Avoid blue on red or yellow on white – they’re hard on the eyes.
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Simultaneous Contrast Two intense colors can make each other look like they vibrate Red on blue is a bad example Choose combinations that support readability.
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Verbal Contrast in Design. 20. Use color to emphasize what matters Highlight calls-to-action (buttons, alerts) Make sure the highlighted color still contrasts the background.
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What is Dithering?. Used when the color system can't display full-color images Replaces unavailable colors with nearest alternatives Creates a pattern that simulates more colors.
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22. How Color Dithering Works Uses a math algorithm Preserves image quality in low-color displays Seen in GIFs, early computer graphics.
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Color Harmony Schemes Monochromatic: single hue with variations Complementary: opposites on the color wheel Analogous: side-by-side hues Triadic: evenly spaced hues (red-yellow-blue)Warm/Cool: emotional temperature Achromatic: grayscale.
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Psychological Effects of Color Colors influence mood and perception. Red: urgency, passion, danger Blue: trust, calm, professionalism Green: nature, safety, growth Yellow: optimism, caution Designers use these effects strategically in branding and interfaces..
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Final Thoughts. 25. Color is more than looks—it communicates meaning Good color usage improves design, understanding, and impact Mastering color theory = mastering visual storytelling.