Bloodborne Pathogens

[Audio] Bloodborne Pathogens OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen (BBP) Standard (federal law).

[Audio] Lesson Objectives 1. Define bloodborne pathogens. 2. Identify workers who are at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. 3. Describe methods for controlling exposure to bloodborne pathogens. 4. Describe steps to take when exposed to a bloodborne pathogen..

[Audio] Introduction Over the years, there have been outbreaks of diseases around the world..

[Audio] Bloodborne Pathogens What are bloodborne pathogens? Microorganisms present in human blood that can lead to diseases Examples Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Workers in many occupations may be at risk for exposure to bloodborne pathogens..

[Audio] Hepatitis B (HBV) Over 12 million Americans are infected (1 in 20)* Silent infection; symptoms include: fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting; may lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death. HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood. Up to 40,000 people in US will become newly infected each year*..

[Audio] Hepatitis C (HCV) Hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the U.S. Symptoms include: fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting. May lead to chronic liver disease and death..

[Audio] Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS. HIV affects the body's immune system. HIV does not survive well outside the body. Estimated >1.1 million people living with HIV. Infected for life. Single, red-colored H9-T cell infected by numerous mustard-colored HIV particles which are attached to the cell's surface membrane. Source: NIAID..

[Audio] Other bloodborne diseases Caused by viruses or bacteria Circulate in blood at some phase; capable of being transmitted Most are rare in the U.S. Zika Virus (left) and Ebola Virus (right) can be spread to workers through contaminated blood or infectious body fluids..

[Audio] Other deseases Hepatitis D (HDV) Syphilis Malaria Babesiosis Brucellosis Leptospirosis Arboviral Infections Viral Hemorrahagic Fever.

[Audio] Risk of Exposure Contamination sources Blood Other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) Human body fluids. Any unfixed tissue or organ from human. Cultures, culture mediums, or other solutions. Experimental animal blood, tissues, or organs infected with HIV or HBV..

[Audio] Spread of bloodborne pathogens occurs through Direct contact Indirect contact Respiratory transmission Vector-borne transmission.

[Audio] How exposure occurs Needlesticks Cuts from other contaminated sharps Contact of mucous membrane or broken skin with contaminated blood or OPIM.

[Audio] Occupational exposures Occupations at risk First responders Nurses and other healthcare personnel General Industry workers CDC estimates 5.6 million workers in healthcare and related occupations are at risk. All occupational exposure to blood or OPIM places workers at risk..

[Audio] Controlling Exposures Observe standard precautions Treating all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated Proper cleanup and decontamination Universal Precautions: This is the practice of avoiding contact with bodily fluids, by means of the wearing of nonporous articles such as gloves, goggles, and face shields..

[Audio] Engineering and work practice controls Safer medical devices Sharps disposal containers Hand hygiene.

[Audio] Employer's responsibilities: Perform hazard assessment. Identify and provide appropriate PPE to employee at no cost. Train employees on use and care. Maintain/replace PPE. Review, update, evaluate PPE program. PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.

[Audio] PPE selection Safe design and construction Fit comfortably Required PPE training When it is necessary What kind is necessary Proper donning, adjusting, wearing, doffing Limitations Proper care, maintenance, useful life, disposal.

[Audio] Employee's responsibilities: Properly wear PPE. Attend training. Care for, clean, and maintain. Notify when repairs/replacement needed..

[Audio] Clean-up and decontamination Wear protective gloves Use appropriate disinfectant Clean and disinfect contaminated equipment and work surfaces Thoroughly wash up immediately after exposure Properly dispose of contaminated PPE, towels, rags, etc..

[Audio] Regulated waste disposal Dispose of regulated waste in closable, leak-proof red or biohazard labeled bags or containers. Dispose of contaminated sharps in closable, puncture-resistant, leak-proof..

[Audio] Training Who All employees with occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM). Employees who are trained in first aid and CPR. No cost; during working hours When Initial assignment. Annually; or with new/modified tasks..

[Audio] When Exposure Occurs Exposure incident Specific eye, mouth, or other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, parenteral contact with blood or OPIM that results from the performance of an employee's duties..

[Audio] Immediate actions: Wash exposed area with soap and water Flush splashes to nose, mouth, or skin with water Irrigate eyes with water and saline.

[Audio] Immediate actions: Report exposure immediately. Direct employee to healthcare professional for treatment..

[Audio] Confidential medical evaluation and follow-up Route(s) of exposure and circumstances. Source individual. Collect/test blood for HBV and HIV serological status. Post exposure prophylaxis (when medically indicated). Counseling. Evaluation..

[Audio] Thank You!. Thank You!.