Bloodborne Pathogens. Bloodborne Pathogens. 

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Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
 Required by OSHA (29 CFR 1910.1030)
 Applies to employees in all industries who may be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials. 

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Bloodborne 
Pathogen Standard
 Required by OSHA (29 CFR 1910.1030)
 Applies to employees in all industries who 
may be exposed to blood or other potentially 
infectious materials

What are Bloodborne Pathogens?
 Microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are present in human blood and can cause diseases in humans
– Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
– Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). 

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What are 
Bloodborne 
Pathogens?
 Microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria 
that are present in human blood and can cause 
diseases in humans
– Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 
– Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
– Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

[Audio] Human Immunodeficiency Virus (H-I-V--)
 The virus which causes A-I-D-S
 Devastates the body’s immune system  ~1 million persons living with HIV/AIDS in U S ; 45000 new cases in 2000
 Symptoms: flu like illness, weakness, diarrhea, weight loss.
 Signs of illness may not be present for years  A-I-D-S is chronic and fatal. 

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Human 
Immunodeficiency 
Virus (HIV)
 The virus which causes AIDS
 Devastates the body’s immune system
 ~1 million persons living with HIV/AIDS in 
U.S.; 45,000 new cases in 2000
 Symptoms: flu like illness, weakness, 
diarrhea, weight loss.
 Signs of illness may not be present for years
 AIDS is chronic and fatal

[Audio] Hepatitis B (H-B-V--)
 Attacks the liver  Survives in dried blood for up to 1 week at room temperature  300000 new infections annually; 1.4% result in death  Symptoms: fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia  Can be chronic and fatal. 

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Hepatitis B (HBV)
 Attacks the liver
 Survives in dried blood for up to 1 week at 
room temperature
 300,000 new infections annually;  1.4% result 
in death
 Symptoms: fatigue, nausea, vomiting, 
abdominal pain, anorexia
 Can be chronic and fatal

[Audio] Hepatitis C (H-C-V--)
 Can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer  4 million infected in U S – Only 25% diagnosed  Can be chronic and fatal  8000-10000 deaths annually  No effective vaccine exists. 

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Hepatitis C (HCV)
 Can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and 
liver cancer 
 4 million infected in U.S. 
– Only 25% diagnosed
 Can be chronic and fatal
 8,000-10,000 deaths annually
 No effective vaccine exists

[Audio] Potentially Infectious Materials  Blood  Human bodily fluids such as:
– Semen, vaginal secretions, lung fluid  Any bodily fluid containing visible blood  Any bodily fluid that cannot be identified. 

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Potentially 
Infectious Materials
 Blood
 Human bodily fluids such as:
– Semen, vaginal secretions, lung fluid
 Any bodily fluid containing visible blood
 Any bodily fluid that cannot be identified

[Audio] How Are They Transmitted?  Puncture wounds caused by sharp objects  Infectious materials contacting open wounds, cuts, or broken or damaged skin  Infectious materials contacting mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth. 

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How Are They 
Transmitted?  
 Puncture wounds caused
by sharp objects
 Infectious materials
contacting open wounds,
cuts, or broken
or damaged skin
 Infectious materials contacting mucous
membranes of eyes, nose and mouth

[Audio] Possible Exposure Incidents  During an industrial accident  While administering First Aid  During post accident clean up  When performing routine maintenance or janitorial work. 

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Possible Exposure 
Incidents
 During an industrial
accident 
 While administering
First Aid
 During post-accident
clean-up
 When performing routine maintenance or 
janitorial work

[Audio] Exposure Control Plan  Universal precautions  Engineering controls  Work practice controls  Post exposure follow up. 

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Exposure Control 
Plan
 Universal precautions
 Engineering controls 
 Work practice controls 
 Post-exposure follow-up

[Audio] Universal Precautions  Treat all human blood and bodily fluids as if they are infected with H-I-V--, H-B-V--, H-C-V and other bloodborne pathogens.. 

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Universal 
Precautions
 Treat all human blood and bodily fluids as if 
they are infected with HIV, HBV, HCV and 
other bloodborne pathogens.

[Audio] Engineering Controls & Work Practice Controls  Work Practice Controls  Engineering Controls – Personal protective – Handwashing equipment (P-P-E--) facilities – First aid response – Biohazard waste bags – Spill clean up – Laundry – Waste disposal – Exposure response. 

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Engineering 
Controls & Work 
Practice Controls
 Engineering Controls
– Handwashing 
facilities
– Biohazard waste bags 
 Work Practice Controls
– Personal protective 
equipment (PPE)
– First aid response
– Spill clean-up
– Laundry
– Waste disposal
– Exposure response

[Audio] Personal Protective Equipment  First line of defense  Examples and uses  Limitations  Rules:
– Remove before leaving work area – Wash hands after removing – Properly dispose of contaminated P-P-E. 

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Personal Protective 
Equipment
 First line of defense
 Examples and uses 
 Limitations
 Rules:
– Remove before leaving
work area
– Wash hands after removing
– Properly dispose of contaminated PPE

[Audio] First Aid Response  Adopt Universal Precautions  Encourage self care  Use PPE  Avoid applying pressure without barrier. 

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First-Aid 
Response
 Adopt Universal 
Precautions 
 Encourage self-care 
 Use PPE 
 Avoid applying
pressure without barrier

[Audio] Housekeeping: Spill Clean up  Use PPE & Universal Precautions  Cover spill or area with paper towel or rags  Pour disinfectant solution over towels or rags  Leave for at least 10 minutes  Place materials in appropriate container  Arrange for pick up and disposal. 

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Housekeeping: 
Spill Clean-up
 Use PPE & Universal Precautions
 Cover spill or area with paper towel or rags
 Pour disinfectant solution over towels or rags 
 Leave for at least 10 minutes
 Place materials in appropriate container
 Arrange for pick-up and disposal

[Audio] Housekeeping: Waste Disposal  Use P-P-E when handling  Leak proof containers  Proper labeling – Labels – Red Bags or Containers  Drop off sites. 

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Housekeeping: 
Waste Disposal
 Use PPE when handling
 Leak-proof containers
 Proper labeling
– Labels 
– Red Bags or Containers
 Drop-off sites

[Audio] Housekeeping: Contaminated Laundry  Laundry soiled with blood or opim
 Use P-P-E
 Handle as little as possible  Pre soak all contaminated clothing  If blood or opim gets on clothing, remove and thoroughly wash with detergent asap. 

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Housekeeping: 
Contaminated 
Laundry
 Laundry soiled with blood or OPIM
 Use PPE
 Handle as little as possible
 Pre-soak all contaminated clothing
 If blood or OPIM gets on clothing, 
remove and thoroughly wash with 
detergent ASAP

[Audio] Exposure Incident Response  Contact with skin: wash exposed areas with antibacterial soap and running water  Contact with eyes or mucous membranes: flush affected area with running water for at least 15 minutes  Contact with clothing: remove contaminated clothing, wash underlying skin  Report exposure to supervisor immediately. 

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Exposure Incident 
Response
 Contact with skin: wash exposed areas with 
antibacterial soap and running water
 Contact with eyes or mucous membranes:
flush affected area with running water for at 
least 15 minutes
 Contact with clothing: remove contaminated 
clothing, wash underlying skin
 Report exposure to supervisor immediately

[Audio] Post Exposure Evaluation  Confidential medical evaluation and follow up after exposure incident – Identify and document source and circumstances of exposure – Test source individual’s blood for HIV/HBV – Provide blood sample  Healthcare professional’s written opinion. 

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Post-Exposure 
Evaluation
 Confidential medical evaluation and 
follow-up after exposure incident 
– Identify and document source and circumstances
of exposure
– Test source individual’s 
blood for HIV/HBV 
– Provide blood sample 
 Healthcare professional’s
written opinion

[Audio] Hepatitis B Vaccination  Made available to all employees at risk for occupational exposure prior to initial job assignment  Made available after exposure incident. 

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Hepatitis B 
Vaccination
 Made available to all employees at risk for  
occupational exposure prior to initial job 
assignment
 Made available after exposure incident

[Audio] Summary  Bloodborne Pathogens  Transmission  Potentially infectious materials  Exposure incidents  Prevention – Universal Precautions – P-P-E
 Response. 

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Summary
 Bloodborne Pathogens
 Transmission
 Potentially infectious materials
 Exposure incidents
 Prevention
– Universal Precautions
– PPE
 Response

[Audio] Questions  Please feel free to ask any questions about the material we’ve covered. 

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Questions
 Please feel free to ask any questions     
about the material we’ve covered

Microsoft PowerPoint - SM-313 Bloodborne Pathogens  -  Compatibility Mode

Human  Immunodeficiency  Virus (H-I-V--)
 The virus which causes A-I-D-S
 Devastates the body’s immune system  ~1 million persons living with HIV/AIDS in  U S ; 45000 new cases in 2000
 Symptoms: flu like illness, weakness,  diarrhea, weight loss.
 Signs of illness may not be present for years  A-I-D-S is chronic and fatal

avatar

Hepatitis B (H-B-V--)
 Attacks the liver  Survives in dried blood for up to 1 week at  room temperature  300000 new infections annually;  1.4% result  in death  Symptoms: fatigue, nausea, vomiting,  abdominal pain, anorexia  Can be chronic and fatal

Hepatitis C (H-C-V--)
 Can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and  liver cancer   4 million infected in U S   – Only 25% diagnosed  Can be chronic and fatal  8000-10000 deaths annually  No effective vaccine exists

Potentially  Infectious Materials  Blood  Human bodily fluids such as:
– Semen, vaginal secretions, lung fluid  Any bodily fluid containing visible blood  Any bodily fluid that cannot be identified

How Are They  Transmitted?    Puncture wounds caused by sharp objects  Infectious materials contacting open wounds, cuts, or broken or damaged skin  Infectious materials contacting mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth

Possible Exposure  Incidents  During an industrial accident   While administering First Aid  During post accident clean up  When performing routine maintenance or  janitorial work

Exposure Control  Plan  Universal precautions  Engineering controls   Work practice controls   Post exposure follow up

Universal  Precautions  Treat all human blood and bodily fluids as if  they are infected with H-I-V--, H-B-V--, H-C-V and  other bloodborne pathogens.

Engineering  Controls & Work  Practice Controls  Work Practice Controls  Engineering Controls – Personal protective  – Handwashing  equipment (P-P-E--) facilities – First aid response – Biohazard waste bags  – Spill clean up – Laundry – Waste disposal – Exposure response

Personal Protective  Equipment  First line of defense  Examples and uses   Limitations  Rules:
– Remove before leaving work area – Wash hands after removing – Properly dispose of contaminated P-P-E

First Aid  Response  Adopt Universal  Precautions   Encourage self care   Use PPE   Avoid applying pressure without barrier

Housekeeping:  Spill Clean up  Use PPE & Universal Precautions  Cover spill or area with paper towel or rags  Pour disinfectant solution over towels or rags   Leave for at least 10 minutes  Place materials in appropriate container  Arrange for pick up and disposal

Housekeeping:  Waste Disposal  Use P-P-E when handling  Leak proof containers  Proper labeling – Labels  – Red Bags or Containers  Drop off sites

Housekeeping:  Contaminated  Laundry  Laundry soiled with blood or opim
 Use P-P-E
 Handle as little as possible  Pre soak all contaminated clothing  If blood or opim gets on clothing,  remove and thoroughly wash with  detergent asap

Exposure Incident  Response  Contact with skin: wash exposed areas with  antibacterial soap and running water  Contact with eyes or mucous membranes: flush affected area with running water for at  least 15 minutes  Contact with clothing: remove contaminated  clothing, wash underlying skin  Report exposure to supervisor immediately

Post Exposure  Evaluation  Confidential medical evaluation and  follow up after exposure incident  – Identify and document source and circumstances of exposure – Test source individual’s  blood for HIV/HBV  – Provide blood sample   Healthcare professional’s written opinion

Hepatitis B  Vaccination  Made available to all employees at risk for   occupational exposure prior to initial job  assignment  Made available after exposure incident

Summary  Bloodborne Pathogens  Transmission  Potentially infectious materials  Exposure incidents  Prevention – Universal Precautions – P-P-E
 Response

Questions  Please feel free to ask any questions      about the material we’ve covered