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BA2301 Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence THE IMPORTANCE OF THE QURAN AND THE SUNNAH IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE

Presented by: Nurin Nabilah binti Suhaili / Suhili (19B2162)

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Introduction of the Quran Quranic Revelation Makki  &  Madani  Chapters Structure of the Quran

The Quran in Islamic Jurisprudence Purpose of the Sunnah in Islamic Jurisprudence

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It begins with Surah  Al- Fatihah  & ends with Surah  An- Nas . The longest chapter is Surah  Al-Baqarah  (286 verses) and the shortest chapter is Surah  Al- Kauthar  (3 verses) . The longest chapters include; Surah Al-Baqarah (The Cow), Al-’ Imraan  (The Family of ‘ Imraan ), An- Nisaa  (Women), Al- Maidah  (The Table Spread), An- Na’am  (Cattle), Al- A’raaf  (The Heights) & An- Anfaal  (Spoils of War).

ITS ORIGIN Qara’a  : read or recite. It is the manual & handbook of Islam which acts as proof, reminder & spiritual guidance for all mankind. Most complete & comprehensive book. It is the final Holy Scripture of Allah immune to any changes, modifications and alterations.

ITS STRUCTURE Consists of 6,236 verses ( ayahs)  divided into 114 chapters ( surahs ). Written in Arabic language. Each chapter was named after either a prominent event, theme or topic relevant to the chapter.  Eg : Chapter 26:  Surah Al- Shu’ara .  The name was derived from a reference to the conduct of ancient poets. All chapters, except chapter 9, starts  with  بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم  which means “In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful and the Most Kind”. The chapters are not arranged in chronological order in which they were revealed.

Hidden Secrets in the Quran For cure of Ailments

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The revelation of the Quran started in the month of Ramadhan during the year 610 CE. It was revealed in variety of ways;  In the form of dreams Directly into the heart of Prophet Muhammad Upon the sound of a bel l Brought by an angel in the form of a man Brought by an angel in his true form Directly from Allah  Subhanahu   wa   Ta’ala . It occur in  Gua   Hiraa ,  Jabal-un-Noor (mountain of light) located outside       of Makkah. During the initial meeting with Angel Gabriel, the prophet was       commanded to recite. The Quran  was communicated in small      portions; single verses, groups of verses & entire chapters. The revelation continued throughout the period of     22 years, 2 months and 22 days of the Prophet      Muhammad’s life.

Recite in the name of your Lord who created, created man from a blood clot. Recite, for your Lord is most magnanimous - who taught by the pen; taught man that  w hich he did not know.”     (Quran 96:1-5)

Gua Hira, Gua Terpenting Untuk Umat Islam

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Chapters revealed while Prophet Muhammad was in Makkah. Period : 12 years, 5 months & 13 days. 19/30 chapters.  Mainly emphasis on topics related to believe, oneness of Allah (Tawhid) & necessity of the Prophet Muhammad.        Also, on the hereafter, argument with        the unbelievers & their invitation to         Islam.

Chapters revealed while Prophet Muhammad was in Madinah. Period : 9 years, 9 months & 9 days. 11/30 chapters.  Comprised of the legal rules & principle         regulations on the aspects of life in        Madinah; political, legal, social,         organization of family & economic life.

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Sunnah : a path / a way.   It is commonly defined as the actions, traditions & customs of the Prophet       Muhammad’s life.   It involves his everyday sayings, utterances, silent assertations, personality,       physical description, tacit consents, acknowledgment of statements & activities.   Hadith is the record of the Sunnah conveying the sayings, actions (deeds &       practices), or the approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. هُوَ ٱلَّذِى بَعَثَ فِى ٱلْأُمِّيِّـۧنَ رَسُولًۭا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَإِن كَانُوا۟ مِن قَبْلُ لَفِى ضَلَـٰلٍۢ مُّبِينٍۢ He it is Who sent among the unlettered ones a Messenger (Muhammad  صلى الله عليه وسلم ) from among themselves, reciting to them His Verses, purifying them (from the filth of disbelief and polytheism), and teaching them the Book (this  Qur’ân ,  Islâmic  laws and  Islâmic  jurisprudence) and Al-Hikmah (As-Sunnah: legal ways, orders, acts of worship of Prophet Muhammad  صلى الله عليه وسلم ). And verily, they had been before in manifest error ("Surah Al-Jumu'ah", n.d.)

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IMPORTANCE OF QURAN & SUNNAH  IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE

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“And this is a Book which We have revealed as a blessing, so follow it and be righteous, that you may receive mercy”  (Quran, 6:155) “The Quran is guidance and glad tidings for those who believe”  (Quran, 2:97).   These two verses show that the Quran will always have the answer for people, no matter who, where and when, for people to gain knowledge and lessons that are necessary.  It also shows that the Quran is  essential for acquiring peace and tranquility both in this world and the hereafter.

It contains the words of Allah  Subhanahu   wa   Ta’ala  that are timeless, valid. T he words address deeply towards each and everyone in this world, their concerns & their experiences.  The benefits of reading and implementing the Quran are endless as it invades every aspect of one’s life.  It also helps in regulating one’s relationship with Allah  Subhanahu   wa   Ta’ala  and with others.

T he scripture of the Quran specifies the moral, philosophical, social, political and economic basis on which a society should be constructed.  The verses revealed in Makkah deal with philosophical and theological issues. The verses  revealed in Madinah are concerned with socio-economic laws. The verses of the Quran are categorized into three broad areas which include “The Science of Speculative Theology", "Ethical Principles" and "Rules of Human Conduct". The third category is directly concerned with Islamic Jurisprudence which contains about five hundred verses or one thirteenth of it

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In Islamic jurisprudence, Muslims believe that the Sunnah, also known to  be the way of life of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, can be  looked as an example to discover what to imitate and what to avoid.  Every actions of the Prophet Muhammad that can be emulated by Muslims  are  great examples to be followed.

Few of the great examples: how the Prophet Muhammad made his ablutions how he performed his prayers how he made the Hajj Pilgrimage

(1)  A s narrated in a hadith by Muhammad Ibn Ziyad;  حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ـ وَكَانَ يَمُرُّ بِنَا وَالنَّاسُ يَتَوَضَّئُونَ مِنَ الْمِطْهَرَةِ ـ قَالَ أَسْبِغُوا الْوُضُوءَ فَإِنَّ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ وَيْلٌ لِلأَعْقَابِ مِنَ النَّارِ ‏" ‏‏.‏ I heard Abu Huraira saying as he passed by us while the people were performing ablution from a utensil containing water, "Perform ablution perfectly and thoroughly for Abul- Qasim  (the Prophet) said, 'Save your heels from the Hell-fire.’ “ (2)  A s narrated by Abu Wail: حَدَّثَنَا الصَّلْتُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَهْدِيٌّ، عَنْ وَاصِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ، رَأَى رَجُلاً لاَ يُتِمُّ رُكُوعَهُ وَلاَ سُجُودَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلاَتَهُ قَالَ لَهُ حُذَيْفَةُ مَا صَلَّيْتَ ـ قَالَ وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ ـ وَلَوْ مُتَّ مُتَّ عَلَى غَيْرِ سُنَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم‏.‏ Hudhaifa  said, "I saw a person not performing his bowing and prostrations perfectly. When he completed the prayer, I told him that he had not prayed." I think that  Hudhaifa  added (i.e. said to the man), "Had you died, you would have died on a tradition other than that of the Prophet ( ﷺ ) Muhammad."  (3)  As  narrated by Abdullah ibn Abbas: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ، - يَعْنِي سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ حَيَّانَ الأَحْمَرَ - عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ لاَ صَرُورَةَ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ The Prophet ( ﷺ ) said: Islam does not allow for failure to perform the hajj.

PURPOSE  OF THE SUNNAH  IN  ISLAMIC   JURISPRUDENCE

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In my understanding,  the Islamic Jurisprudence is meant to teach a person to be a better individual. The life of Prophet Mohammad is set in the holy Quran to be a good example to follow. It was introduced to enable people to know the way to live, what to do and what to avoid in life. The Quran, the Sunnah and the Hadith are the main sacred texts that guide the Muslims’ faith, life and ethics. Hence, it essentially defines for them the virtues and vices that are in this life which is why Muslims have been proven to be a united nation and Islam as one of the greatest religions in most parts of the world.