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. [Virtual Presenter] Good morning everyone. Today, I'm here to discuss the importance of airworthiness, flight safety, and how machine and environmental elements relate to aircraft personnel, with an emphasis on how to reduce and control risks to an acceptable level. Let's get started..

INDEX. AIRWORTHINESS - AIM AIRWORTHINESS – FLIGHT SAFETY AIRWORTHINESS DEFINITION AUTHORITIES (AGENCY) GENERAL REGULATIONS REGULATION PART-21 TYPE OF ORGANISATION (DOA – ADOA/ETSO).

. [Virtual Presenter] Airworthiness is essential to overall flight safety, impacting the rate at which an aircraft can be safely controlled, its performance at altitude, the stability of its systems and components, and its general condition of fitness. We will examine how aircraft personnel can be managed to reduce and control risks, covering air traffic control, aircraft design and operations, aviation personnel training, and airport and airspace operations. Additionally, we will look at how environmental elements, such as weather, terrain, and obstacles, can be managed to ensure a safe flight..

AIM.

[Audio] Airworthiness is a critical factor in flight safety, requiring that aircraft are designed, built, operated and maintained in accordance with applicable regulations. The Aircraft Design Organization Approval (ADOA) and the European Technical Standard Order (ETSO) are two main tools used in the airworthiness process to ensure that aircraft has been designed to the highest safety standards. Training is also a significant factor, requiring personnel involved in aircraft design to receive induction training and ongoing recurrent training to stay up to date with regulations..

[Audio] Ensuring airworthiness and flight safety in the aviation industry is essential to maintain acceptable risk levels. To do so, understanding aircraft environment, regulatory requirements and the roles and responsibilities of personnel involved is paramount. Taking the necessary steps and abiding by relevant regulations can help ensure aviation operations remain safe and efficient..

[Audio] Aircraft personnel must ensure that aircrafts and personnel meet the highest standards of safety in order to minimize the risks associated with flying. Closely monitoring components and materials, along with adhering to rules and regulations, can help reduce the risk of accidents. It is imperative to continually review risk management processes in order to guarantee that operations, maintenance, and training remain as safe and efficient as possible..

AIRWORTHINESS – FLIGHT SAFETY.

[Audio] A pilot’s error can put the best aircraft in jeopardy, and the best pilot cannot compensate for a serious failure in an aircraft. Even the failure of a single link is enough for an accident to occur. It is clear that airworthiness and safety are closely connected. Looking ahead, we must look at the vital connection between pilots and the aircraft they control. Are pilots appropriately trained for the intricacy of modern automated planes and is the machine made to facilitate training?.

[Audio] To ensure airworthiness and flight safety, design of the aircraft must take into account the environment it is operating in - air pressure and temperature, gusts, icing and lightning protection, air traffic communications, etc. Moreover, factor in the humans that must both operate the aircraft in flight and on the ground. Unsafe decisions or inefficient action, mainly due to inadequate crew management, can lead to fatal accidents. What is the connection between people and machine? Are pilots adequately trained for an automated aircraft? Can machines aid with training? Should pilots have the capability to manually operate a modern commercial aircraft? These are questions that require answers, to guarantee the security and airworthiness of aircraft..

AIRWORTHINESS. AIRWORTHINESS meaning, definition, explanation....

[Audio] Airworthiness and flight safety are essential components of aviation operations, ensuring that aircraft personnel and passengers can operate with a minimum risk of injury or death. To protect and preserve the safety of all aircraft personnel, high standards for airworthiness and flight safety are an integral part of aircraft maintenance. Adequate risk management and control procedures should also be implemented to reduce the possibility of unsafe aircraft operation. Therefore, it is important to analyze, monitor, and control risks to an acceptable level..

AIRWORTHINESS. ENAC Technical Regulations: For an aircraft, or aircraft part, is the possession of the necessary requirements for flying in safe conditions, within allowable limits Safe condition freedom from conditions that can cause death, injury or illness, damage to/loss of equipment or property, or damage to the environment Possession of necessary requirements A/C is designed and built according to studied and tested criteria to fly in safe conditions Regulation aim: eliminate or reduce unsafe condition Allowable limits A/C are designed within flight envelope.

[Audio] A structured organization and design process must be in place to meet the technical requirements of the part to be produced. The process should include management of the total product lifecycle, safety requirements, and quality assurance. It is essential to establish a clear plan of action, set realistic goals, and monitor progress in order to achieve the desired outcomes. Having a system to identify, assess and control risks associated with the parts and processes at hand will help minimize potential issues and ensure that what is being produced meets the standards set forth from the beginning..

THE DESIGN PROCESS DESIGN PROCESS ORGANIZATION TECHNICAL REQ's . TRAiNiN TRAINING SAFETY FIRST AVIATION ords Key KEY-WORDS SAFETY -AIRWORTHINESS meaning definitm, explanation..

[Audio] Ensuring safe and efficient operations, the agency responsible for overseeing airworthiness standards enforces any regulations associated with aircrafts and their operation. Providing expertise, guidance, and advice to operators of aircrafts, this agency ensures the aircrafts are in compliance with the relevant regulations, vital to any successful flight safety program..

[Audio] Authorities, referred to as regulatory agencies, are officially responsible for ensuring aircraft operations meet required standards. This encompasses enforcing safety regulations, issuing certificates and licenses, carrying out inspections, as well as issuing and maintaining airworthiness certificates and other documents related to flight operations. Examples of these agencies include the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), and other national and international aviation organizations..

[Audio] ICAO, an agency of the United Nations, is mandated with formulating industry-wide standards and recommended practices for international civil aviation. It is also responsible for developing, promulgating, and overseeing the implementation of Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS). These regulations set forth operational principles and techniques for the safe and orderly conduct of air navigation, ensuring safe and efficient air travel..

[Audio] ICAO sets the worldwide standards for aviation safety and efficiency, comprising of both Standard Practices, considered essential for safety and efficiency, and Recommended Practices, desirable to maintain the same level of safety and efficiency, though not mandatory. To have a well-regulated aviation system, both standards must be taken into account..

[Audio] ICAO is an internationally recognized organization focusing on aviation safety and global airworthiness standards. To meet these standards, certification of aeronautical products must not only adhere to good engineering and common sense, but must comply with binding laws of the relevant member state. Connectivity, communication and data transmission are important to the advancement of aviation safety and airworthiness standards..

[Audio] Safety regulations and certification rules are mandatory for aircraft and personnel safety around the world. The Federal Aviation Administration in the United States and the Joint Aviation Authority, a collaborative venture between the United States and Europe, have been major players in this transition. The switch to digital retailers has greatly impacted the online shopping industry..

[Audio] EASA, the European Aviation Safety Agency, oversees the work of individual agencies and member states in Europe, including those established prior to its creation and non-European Union states such as the Swiss Confederation. Decisions made by EASA are published in the Official Journal of the European Union, however must be ratified by the individual member state governments. Additionally, Eurocontrol which deals with air traffic management is seen in Italy as ENAV..

[Audio] Enforcement of the Chicago Convention in Italy began in 1948 with a legislative decree, revised in 1985. In 2005, the aeronautical part of the Navigation Code, established in 1882, was added. This led to the creation of ENAC - the National Agency for Civil Aviation - which is the sole supervisory authority for regulatory, control and certification activities. ENAV is the operator of air navigation services, and ANSV is responsible for prevention and investigation of flight accidents, in conjunction with the judiciary..

[Audio] ENAC, the Italian National Agency of Civil Aviation, has been affiliated with the European Aviation Safety Agency since 2003, responsible for the local implementation of the European agency's regulations. ENAC has modified specific European regulations, including transitioning to the new micro-frequency band for radio communications, as well as adopting air-traffic management systems such as ICAO. Additionally, the agency appoints DOA Team Leaders for the organizations present in Italy, working in close collaboration with EUROCONTROL, the European organisation for the safety of air navigation..

[Audio] Analysing the four categories defined by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Standards, it is evident that technology affects our lives more and more as it advances. Moving on to the next slide, we will examine the implications of technology on communication, education and entertainment..

[Audio] Regulations are essential to protect people and equipment and ensure safe operation when it comes to flight safety. Understanding the regulations and adhering to them are necessary to reduce and control flight safety risks to an acceptable level..

[Audio] Regulations listed on this slide provide an essential framework for aircraft safety and risk control, defining required standards and procedures for airworthiness, flight safety, and personnel protection. Adhering to these regulations allows us to maintain a safe and secure operation..

[Audio] EASA regulations, Part 21, Part M, Part 145, Part 147, Part 66, Part MED, and Part FCL, are designed to set a unified set of standards for airworthiness and flight safety across the EU. These regulations cover the production of aircraft parts, as well as providing guidelines for continued airworthiness, maintenance organisation approvals, training organisation requirements, certifying staff, medical requirements for operators, and licenses for operators. This ensures that the highest standards of airworthiness and passenger protection are met, providing a unified level of safety throughout Europe..

[Audio] Focusing on the key certifications necessary for aircraft personnel and flight safety, the Civil Aviation Regulations documents CS-23/25, CS-27/29, CS-LSA, CS-ETSO, and AMC-20 are essential for achieving an acceptable level of risk and airworthiness. These documents provide guidelines for airworthiness and regulations for different aircraft types, and are indispensable for the safety of all personnel on board..

[Audio] Regulations provided by Part-21 provide a framework to ensure airworthiness and flight safety. To keep up with ever-evolving standards, Part-21 is routinely updated to ensure industry personnel are aware of any new changes they may need to make to their practices. Staying up to date with Part-21 is essential to ensure aircraft personnel, operations and maintenance are always in compliance with the regulations..

REGULATIONS - PART-21.

REGULATIONS - PART-21.

[Audio] A Design Organization is responsible for certifying the safety of aeronautical parts. Depending on the complexity of the design, the requirements may vary and require significant privileges. Similarly, a Production Organization Approval shows the capability to manufacture aeronautical parts in accordance with the regulations laid out in Part 21..

[Audio] An Design Organization Approval (DOA) is an acknowledgement that the design organization of an aeronautical part meets the requirements of EASA Part 21 Subpart J. Its scope outlines the types of design activities and areas of competence, product categories state the type of products the DOA organization holds a type certificate for (such as large airplanes, engines, and rotorcraft), product list lists the products for which the DOA holds the type certificate (if applicable), and privileges define the design activities the organization can independently guarantee compliance with certification rules. To ensure compliance with the authorization, validation activities are conducted by personnel with EASA-recognized roles, including Compliance Verification Engineers (CVEs) who certify the design's content..

Basic Regulations (Part-) Implementation Rules (CS-) Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) Guidance Materials (GM) (OMPIIANCE uuT10NS GUIDELI REGULATIONS *ASA EASA ords Key KEY-WORDS AUTHORITIES øess PRACTICES TANDARDs STANDARDS RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED.

[Audio] Organisations associated with aircraft safety are safety-critical and require representatives from multiple disciplines, like engineering, flight operations, and maintenance, to collaborate in order to guarantee the safety and reliability of the aircraft. The aim is to recognize, evaluate, and manage risk and minimize potential disasters. Following the regulatory framework and industry standards is an necessity for the organisation's operations and processes are in position to guarantee that risk-based decisions are made accurately and effectively..

[Audio] Organisations with the authority to establish standards, policies and procedures for the design, production, and continued airworthiness of products and articles, such as aircraft, engines, propellers, and parts must meet the requirements of a Design Organisation Approval (DOA). DOAs can be granted to organisations located in any country, including small and medium-sized enterprises. With a DOA, organisations have the potential to achieve significant cost savings and enhanced operational efficiency..

[Audio] The aim of a Design Organization is to obtain a Type Certificate from the Authority - a formal recognition that the design of the aircraft meets all necessary safety standards and regulations set by the Authority. The Type Certificate is a prerequisite to the issuance of an Airworthiness Certificate, which is needed for legal aircraft operation. Upon issuance of the Type Certificate, the Design Organization has fulfilled its legal responsibility to design and certify an aircraft meeting safety requirements..

[Audio] Type certification of an aircraft is the final step of ensuring it is flight-worthy. This thorough process assesses every facet from materials used to engine performance to ensuring airworthiness and safety. Before aircraft is able to be commercially used, type certification is a must in order to protect aircraft personnel and environment..

[Audio] An official document known as the Type Certificate is issued by civil aviation authorities, such as the FAA in the USA or the EASA in Europe, to certify that a product or a part adheres to the airworthiness standards set by the authorities. This certificate covers the type design, operating limitations, the Type Certificate data sheet, the requirements for certification, and any applicable regulations. For aircraft, the Type Certificate includes the Type Certificate Data Sheet for noise, and for engines, the TCDS includes the record for emission compliance..

[Audio] An approved design must conform to the relevant EASA Part 21 and or FAR 21 regulations for the Type Certification process to begin. This includes a comprehensive set of drawings and specifications, information on materials and processes, approved airworthiness limitations, and all other necessary data required to demonstrate airworthiness, noise characteristics, fuel venting, and exhaust emission. Any deviations to this must be approved to ensure the product can be produced and operated in a safe and reliable manner..

[Audio] Type of organisation DOA is responsible for order, oversight and control of all civil aviation operations. It provides oversight to ensure aviation safety regulations and standards are maintained. DOA works to reduce safety risks and protect safety of airline customers and personnel, and to ensure safe and secure air transport system. To achieve this, DOA sets and ensures compliance with aviation safety regulations and standards. Furthermore, it promotes airworthiness, flight training, and use of safe and secure aircraft systems..

[Audio] Airworthiness is a critical factor in flight safety and safe aircraft operation. Constant updating of knowledge on regulations and interfacing with the relevant authority on certification is essential. Design Assurance System Monitoring is essential to monitor the technical department's procedures, audits and corrective and preventive measures, to ensure maximum safety. Monitoring of the aircraft throughout its life is also necessary to guarantee compliance with airworthiness requirements..

[Audio] Compliance Verification Engineers are critical to the aircraft airworthiness team. Selected and nominated by both the HDO and the Airworthiness Manager, and supervised by the CPE, they are responsible for independently verifying the demonstration of compliance with regulatory requirements in Part 21A.239 (b). Their scope of work encompasses the process of making changes to the aircraft, as well as activities such as signing repair documents and Service Bulletins post-TC. This role is essential for ensuring the aircraft remains safe to fly..

[Audio] The Certification Working Panel of the Organization is composed of four members - Engineering Coordinator, Airworthiness Coordinator, Compliance Verification Engineer and EASA Panel Responsible. As necessary, specialists from various disciplines are invited to join the Panel in its tasks. The Chief of Airworthiness supervises the work of the different Working Panels, providing them with the necessary skills to make informed and accurate decisions..

[Audio] The 'Prepared', 'Checked' and 'Approved' sections are signed by the specialist working on the project, confirming that the documents meet the necessary requirements. The 'Specialist' signature is also used to confirm that all activities conducted throughout the project are according to the technical procedures and in line with the allocated budget. Finally, a signature from the 'Head of Function' is also required, guaranteeing that the documents are compliant with the assigned requirements. This indicates the individuals responsible for ensuring the compliance of the documents for testing, analysis and reporting..

[Audio] Compliance Verification is an essential part of airworthiness. The Compliance Verification Engineer (CVE) must conduct independent examinations to ensure that the compliance demonstration of the aircraft meets all necessary standards. This is paramount to ensuring that the aircraft is safe for air transport and the people on board are fully protected from any risks that could arise from a lack of compliance. The signatures of the Compliance Verification Engineer and Airworthiness must be present at the conclusion of the process before the aircraft is cleared for flight..

[Audio] Exploring the implications of Amazon's market power on the economy, we'll look at how it can have both positive and negative impacts on businesses, consumers and the government..

TYPE OF ORGANISATION - DOA. DOA PRIVILEDGES EXAMPLES Classification of Design Change in Major and Minor Classification of repair in Major and Minor Perform the compliance of Minor Design Changes without application to EASA Perform the Major and Minor Repair independently Establish the flight conditions.

[Audio] The last slide we will discuss is an important one, focused on how technical changes can be properly certified. The process is known as DOA-POA Coordination. All major and minor changes to a type certificate must be certified by the type certificate holder, whether the parts or equipment are made in-house or sourced from external suppliers. It is the responsibility of the Technical Management to inform the Construction Organizations of the certifications and to provide EASA form ones to suppliers when necessary. When components are produced in-house, they must be produced as approved. Thank you for your attention..