December 15, 2025

[Audio] December 15, 2025 Objective: S-W-B-A-T Describe how differences between the United States and the Soviet Union led to the Cold War Agenda: Notes/Lecture EdPuzzle Assignment.

[Audio] Cold War Origins and Escalation Unit 8.1,8.2.

[Audio] 1. Escalating Tension A USA Capitalism, president elected from political parties 1. Goals Nations had right to self determination, gain access to raw materials and markets for industries, rebuild European govts to ensure stability, and reunite Germany B USSR Communism (Command Economy), only one political party 1. Goals Spread Communism to other countries, rebuild Soviet economy using Eastern European materials and equipment, control Eastern Europe, keep Germany divided and weak.

[Audio] C. Bretton Woods Conference (1944) Countries agreed to peg their currencies to the U-S Dollar, which was backed by gold reserves 1. The International Monetary Fund (I-M-F--) was tasked with stabilizing exchange rates and providing short term financial assistance to member countries facing balance of payments difficulties 2. The World Bank was focused on providing long term development loans to promote economic growth and reconstruction in war torn regions.

[Audio] D. Yalta Conference February 1945 Britain (Winston Churchill), U-S-A (F-D-R--), and Soviet Union (Stalin) meet at Yalta Discussed the division of Germany after the war, Germany paying reparations to U-S-S-R for loss of lives and property, and Stalin agreed to join war against Japan and hold free elections in Eastern Europe E United Nations (Oct. 1945) 50 nations (Now 193 out of 195 nations) came together to create the General Assembly to protect against aggression 12-member (Now 15) Security Council with U-S-A--, Britain, China (First Taiwan, now the People’s Republic of China), France, and U-S-S-R (Now Russia) as permanent members, the rest rotate 1. Goals: Prevent war and Facilitate cooperation 2. Vatican City and Palestine are Permanent Observers.

[Audio] F. Potsdam Conference Stalin refused to allow free elections in Eastern Europe and wanted reparations from Germany, while the United States and Western nations wanted free trade across the globe Stalin said the Capitalism and Communism could not coexist G Stalin installed Communist govts in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland creating satellite nations that provide a buffer between the Soviet Union and the rest of Europe Became known as the Iron Curtain (Winston Churchill coined this term during a speech) H United States creates policy of containment, where they try to contain communism from spreading to other countries I East and West Germany are now split, including East and West Berlin.

The Iron Curtain ICELAND' UNITE KI GDOM• The militarised border that divided Europe from 1952 to 1989 ORWAV• Sea FRG LGIUM• LUX. • FRANCE• A r a ANVIC OCEAN BERUN GDR ITALY• POLAND CHOSLOVAKIA HUNGARY YUGOSLAVIA AL 8ANtA USSR ROMANIA Sea TURKEY• SPAIN COMMUNIST BLOC I Warsaw Pact country Socialist but non-aligned Mediterranean Sec WESTERN BLOC Military pact with US, including NATO • Marshall Plan beneficiary. OEEC member Curtain: concrete, trenches. barbed wire, alarms, watchtowers Bedin: occupied by 4 Wall built in 1961 Militarily non-aligned.

Europe 1989 WEST MAN Berlin all French Secttx Berlln I ate Berlin Wall frantb-.

[Audio] 2. U-S-A and Containment A Truman Doctrine 400 million dollars in aid to Turkey and Greece They opposed Communist take over B Marshall Plan Marshall Plan Gave 13 billion dollars in aid in the form of food, machinery, and other materials to help rebuild Western Europe caused communism to lose its appeal C Berlin Airlift U-S-A--, Britain and France agree to withdraw from their occupied zones in West Germany and let it form one nation Soviets respond by holding West Berlin hostage West berlin was completely cut off from outside Stalin thought that the Allies would surrender Berlin or give up, instead everyday for 11 months, British and American officials flew in supplies until the Soviets lifted the blockade D 3 million people from East Berlin fled to West Berlin to escape the Soviet Unions repressive govt. E August 13, 1961 To prevent more from fleeing, Khrushchev built wall around West Berlin.

BERLIN WALL 155 kilometers (96 miles) BERLIN GERMANY EAST BERLIN Checkpoint Charlie WEST BERLIN Checkpoint Bravo.

[image] hist berlin wall. [image] wall002.

[Audio] F. Rival Alliances 1. nato 1949 U-S-A--, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Britain, and later the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), Turkey, and Greece joined, to form a defensive alliance One country is attacked, all other nations will use armed force 2. Warsaw Pact 1955 Soviet Union saw nato as a threat U-S-S-R-, German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania formed a counter alliance.

[Audio] G. 1949 Soviets create their own Atomic Bomb Truman wants a more powerful bomb, create the Hydrogen Bomb-1000 times more powerful Comes from fusion of atoms instead of splitting atoms H 1957 Soviets create I-C-B-M and use it to launch Sputnik U-S-A responds with Explorer 1 their 1st satellite (Led to the Space Race) I U-2 incident U-S-A wanted open skies to prevent nuclear attack, Soviets said no C-I-A sent high altitude spy planes over Soviet territory U-2 plane is shot down and its pilot is captured, escalating tensions.

[Audio] Pilot Francis Gary Powers. [image] THE COLD WAR GETS HOTTER The High-flying U-2 & the Cloudy Summit.

[Audio] J. Arms Race U-S-A warns that any attack on U S interests would result in instant retaliation led to a buildup of nuclear weapons and air force on both sides 1. Helped create the Military Industrial Complex -The military industrial complex, a term coined by President Dwight D Eisenhower in his farewell address in 1961, refers to the close relationship between the military establishment, defense contractors, and government policymakers. 2. Defense contractors, driven by profit motives, produce and sell advanced weaponry to governments and military forces around the world. 3. This lucrative trade in arms fuels conflicts and perpetuates militarization, leading to destabilization in various regions. 4. Moreover, the influence of defense contractors on government policy can lead to increased military spending and the prioritization of military solutions to international conflicts..