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[Audio] Good morning everyone! Today's presentation will focus on the importance of Space Technology and how it relates to Aerospace Safety. We will examine the mechanics of launching a spacecraft including the forces encountered such as gravity drag and escape velocity as well as different launch locations. We will also discuss aerothermal loads. I am sure you will find this presentation to be informative and interesting. Let us begin!.

[Audio] Space exploration is an enthralling area of science. Developments in space technology continue to grant us the capacity to study our cosmos more deeply and more extensively. Speaking of the mechanics and safety of space launch when a rocket is released engineers employ a set of codes and safety protocols such as the AFC-2-63-2.2 to make sure that the spacecraft is sent off in a secure and safe manner. A panel of experts collaborates to craft the launch vehicle and operations plan with the aim of making sure that the task is accomplished without any issues or technical faults..

[Audio] Discussing the various types of orbits and their applications in aerospace safety we will look at Low Earth Orbit Geostationary Orbit Polar Orbit Inclined Orbit and Sun-synchronous Orbit. Low Earth Orbit is applied to satellites monitoring Earth's surface and atmosphere. Geostationary Orbit is used for communication satellites to stay in a fixed position relative to the Earth's surface. Polar Orbit serves to take pictures of the entire surface as satellites pass over the poles of the Earth. With Inclined Orbit a better range of Earth coverage is gained. Sun-synchronous Orbit is used for orbital observation and surveillance. These various orbits possess different applications in aerospace safety and we will consider them in this presentation..

[Audio] Exploring the forces that are encountered by a launch vehicle or satellite as it moves through the atmosphere is essential to understanding why it requires a tremendous amount of energy to reach space. Drag on a vehicle is an important factor and this can be caused by both air resistance and the gravitational pull of the Earth. The launch site location can also have a significant impact on the rocket's ability to get into orbit. To better understand how rockets can reach space safely we can use equations to calculate orbital velocity and escape velocity. With this knowledge we can ensure that enough energy is provided to successfully reach space..

[Audio] Understanding the four forces of gravity drag escape velocity and launch locations is key to the successful implementation of space technology. Gravity is a crucial factor in determining an object's trajectory through space. Drag is the air resistance that affects the speed and motion of a spacecraft. Escape velocity is the force necessary to leave Earth's gravitational pull and enter an orbit. Lastly choosing a launch location is dependent on the trajectory needed for a given mission. Appreciating these four forces is essential for working with space technology..

[Audio] Space technology has come a long way in the past few decades. Today we can use space technology to meet safety requirements in the aerospace environment. The external environment includes various factors such as the aerothermal environment aerodynamic noise and thermal environment as well as the atmosphere and gravity. The internal environment includes propulsion characteristics thrust pressure and thermal loads tall-off characteristics vehicle characteristics thrust misalignment and lateral center of gravity. We must also consider the environmental effects such as jet noise shock and vibration. These elements are essential to consider when assessing aerospace safety..

[Audio] We will be discussing the environmental factors that affect launch vehicles. This slide shows a table outlining the external and internal environments which can cause different levels of severity to the launch vehicle. The shape trajectory and attitude dynamics of the vehicle are all significant in determining the severity of the environmental factors. Therefore designing the launch vehicle according to these factors should reduce the severity of the impact. Let's look more closely at the table..

[Audio] Although space technology has enabled us to explore areas beyond our imagination safety is a key factor of any mission. The acceleration caused by gravity has a major effect on the route taken. For instance a regular Space Transportation System (S-T-S--) mission can span up to 8000 kilometers making it imperative to take into account the influence of gravity caused by the earth's irregular shape for assurance of the mission's safety..

[Audio] Space technology has seen a tremendous surge in progress since July 23. 2023. The innovations that have been made have revolutionized the aerospace industry. In particular advancements in aero-thermodynamics have improved atmospheric flight from subsonic to hypersonic speeds and even into vacuum flight. Safety protocols for these conditions have been established by combining the strategic use of cutting-edge technology and rigorous testing. By utilizing the latest innovations and following strict safety protocols aerospace firms have been able to make space travel more accessible and reliable than ever before..

[Audio] Discussing a fascinating topic space technology and aerospace safety – is on the agenda. We will analyse issues related to launch vehicles such as how atmospheric conditions can affect them and whether their exterior aerodynamic capabilities impact their stability while in flight. Having this knowledge is essential for ensuring safe space exploration..

[Audio] We'll be examining the major forces at work on a spacecraft when in orbit. A table of data will demonstrate the range of influence of each force based on the spacecraft's altitude. Solar radiation pressure is the strongest force at low altitudes but decreases with distance. Luni-solar gravitation and atmospheric drag on the other hand increase with distance while asphericity of Earth remains a constant factor..

Geosynchronous Orbit. Sunday, July 23, 2023 12. Space Technology.

Geosynchronous Orbit. Sunday, July 23, 2023 13. Space Technology.

[Audio] We are discussing space technology and aerospace safety with a focus on the concept of escape velocity. To escape Earth's gravitational pull a body of mass 'm' must have a minimum velocity which can be calculated using the equation GMm/r. This can be explained by Energy Conservation: GMm/r 0 = mV2/2 and this yields the escape velocity formula of V = (2GM/r)1/2. That concludes our explanation of escape velocity. Now let us move on to the next slide and continue the discussion..

[Audio] Space technology has its fundamentals that can be seen in the slide we are looking at. It shows three important values the radius of the Earth its mass and the gravitational constant. Grasping these values is necessary to comprehend how spacecrafts and satellites go around the Earth. Thanks to improvements in technology it has become feasible to make space travel safer and more efficient..

[Audio] The mass and radius of a given body are important in determining its escape velocity. This is also true of the Earth which has a radius of 6.5 million meters and a mass of 5.5 x 1024 kilograms. Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation has shown that the strength of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them. Applying this to the Earth the circular velocity can be calculated to be 8.79 kilometers/s. According to Newton's equation the escape velocity of the same body can be calculated to be 11.2 kilometers/s. For additional information please refer to the table in the slide..

[Audio] Gravitational forces act on all objects with mass and the law of universal gravitation explains the interaction between them. The gravitational pull between two objects is determined by three variables: R M and G R is the average distance between them M is the mass of the object and G is the gravitational constant. As the distance between the two objects increases the circular velocity at which the object can move around the other decreases and the escape velocity at which it can leave the other increases. For example a satellite orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 25 786 kilometers has an orbital velocity of 3.075 kilometers/s and a escape velocity of 4.348 kilometers/s. Knowing these values is essential for aircraft and spacecraft safety..

Sunday, July 23, 2023 18. Space Technology. CIRCULAR VELOCITY & ESCAPE VELOCITY.

[Audio] Space technology has progressed significantly making it essential to ensure launch sites are optimized for zero inclination to achieve optimal performance. Launching a satellite from the Equator is ideal while for polar satellites the launch azimuth must be either North or South to avoid the extra effort required to attain the desired orbital conditions..

[Audio] Space Technology and Aerospace Safety is the topic of discussion. To maximize resources space launches are usually done from sites near the equator as the Earth's rotation increases the velocity of the launch with the added bonus of saving fuel costs. To benefit from this speed boost launch sites must be east of the equator..

[Audio] We discussed the great advances in space technology and aerospace safety. We looked at some of the advantages of Sriharikota its proximity to the equator the large area available for infrastructure its isolation from habitation the accessibility and the favourable weather most of the year. This is a great start in the field of space technology and aerospace safety. Thank you for listening and I hope you learned something new..