PowerPoint Presentation

[Audio] Welcome all, In this session we are here to discuss about the "Accident prevention"..

[Audio] TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR TODAYS SESSION ARE CAUSES FOR ACCIDENTS 2. THEORIES OF ACCIDENTS 3. CLASSIFICATTION OF HAZARDS 4. ACCIDENT REPORTING 5. EFFECTIVE MEASURES 6. ACCIDENT PREVENTION BENEFITS.

[Audio] What is Hazard ? A hazard can be anything that can cause harm or damage to people, property, or the environment. Lets first see what are basic causes for accidents..

[Audio] The accident triangle, also known as Heinrich's triangle or Bird's triangle, is a theory of industrial accident prevention. It shows a relationship between serious accidents, minor accidents and near misses. For every severe accident (with serious injury/fatality), there were 29 minor accidents and 300 near misses. As a rule, the "flatter" the pyramid, the better. This means that reports and instances of unsafe behavior or near misses should be far more prevalent than serious or fatal accidents. Not only does this reflect very safe work processes, it is also indicative of a positive corporate culture..

[Audio] The domino theory of accident causation stipulates that injuries occur because of a series of factors, one of which is an accident. In the domino theory, all factors are connected and each of them is dependent on the preceding factor. This means that personal injury (represented as the final domino) occurs only as a result of an accident and the accident itself occurs occurs only as a result of a personal or mechanical hazard. The theory is structured in ten statements known as the Axioms of Industrial Safety. It identifies a total of five factors in the sequence of events that lead to an accident: Ancestry/social environment Fault of person Unsafe act/mechanical or physical hazard Accident Injury.

[Audio] Accident prevention is very complex due to interactions that transpire within the Workplace These interactions are between 1 Workers 2 Management 3 Equipment and machines 4 Environment More complexity transpires when they are blended together to become a workplace But physical environment is not the only environment impinging on the accident prevention efforts within companies. The social environment is also an interactive factor..

[Audio] EFFECTIVENESS OF SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAMS: Highest percentage of accidents are due to top management did not actively promote safety awareness, no written safety program, No employee safety committees and No specific training for supervisors..

[Audio] 1. Noise: Exposure to loud noises can be a risk in industries, such as construction or manufacturing, where employees work with loud machinery. Above 85dba is considered as noise hazard for an 8hr work basis. 2. Illumination: Low lighting or direct sunlight can be a workplace risk. 3. Vibrational hazards Exposure to vibration could have a negative effect on the health of your employees. It could damage joints, muscles, circulation and sensory nerves. Common vibration hazards are Hand arm vibration (HAV) Vibration white finger Whole body vibration 4. Slip, trip & falls: Slips are the result of too little friction or a lack of traction between the footwear and the floor surface. A trip is the result of a foot striking or colliding with an object, which causes a loss in balance, and usually a fall. Common Causes of Slips wet or oily surfaces. loose or unanchored mats or equipment. flooring or floor surfaces that do not have the same level of traction in all areas. weather hazards (ice, rain, etc.) Common Causes of Trips Poor lighting. Uneven floor surface. Uncovered cables. Clutter. Obstructed view. 5. Electricity When working with non-mechanical machinery, it is important to be aware of the potential electrical hazard. This can occur when the machine is not properly grounded or there is a break in the electrical circuit. If you are working with a machine with a break in the electrical circuit, you could be at risk for an electrical fire. 6. Machines: Mechanical safety is important because it protects workers from injuries when exposed to moving machinery and equipment parts. Injuries that can occur include cuts, bruises, and fractures..

[Audio] Mechanical Machinery Hazards Shear Hazards - Shear hazards are caused by moving parts that can cut or slice through skin and flesh. 2. Cutting/Severing Hazards - There are many types of cutting hazards, but the three most common are contact with a moving sharp-edged part, contact with a rotating part, and contact with a moving part. 3. Stabbing Or Puncture Hazards - Stabbing or puncture hazards can occur when using a machine with a pointy or sharp edge, such as a drill press. 4. Friction Or Abrasion Hazards - Friction and abrasion hazards are often found in mechanical machinery. When contact is made with a fast-moving surface that may be smooth or rough, there is a potential for serious injury. 5. Entanglement Hazards - Entanglement hazards can occur when clothing or body parts become caught in moving parts of a machine. The result can be severe injuries or even death. 6. Impact Hazards - The most common type of impact hazard is when the body is struck by a powered part of a machine. This is similar to crushing, but there is no fixed structure to trap the person. The speed and weight of the object do the damage..

[Audio] Biological hazards: Blood and bodily fluids: To decrease the likelihood of a spill hazard, you can train them to learn the best practices for handling these materials safely. Communicable diseases: certain fields may expose professionals to bacteria and viruses that are airborne or communicable. To decrease the likelihood of a spill hazard, companies can provide professionals with protective clothing and respiratory equipment to help reduce contamination. Animal and bird droppings: Professionals exposed to these hazards may experience breathing difficulties or other symptoms. Chemical hazards: A chemical hazard is any substance that can potentially cause physical and health hazards to people or result in harm to the environment due to its chemical properties. These above symbols represent the 9 types of chemical hazards. TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARD: Oxidizers – This pictogram shows a flame over a circle and symbolizes chemicals or substances that, under certain conditions or exposure to other chemicals or elements, can cause severe physical hazards such as fires or explosions. Hazardous to the environment – The symbol for this is a dead tree and fish. It refers to chemicals that can cause lasting damage to the environment. Explosives – This is symbolized by an exploding bomb and pertains to chemicals that may explode or can cause a mass explosion. Flammable – The symbol for this is a flame and it pertains to chemicals or highly flammable gases that may catch fire or ignite once exposed to air or other ignition sources or elements. Gas under pressure – The symbol for this is a gas cylinder and it pertains to gases that are stored under pressure and may explode if heated or refrigerated gases that may cause burns or injury. Irritant/hazardous/hazardous to the ozone layer – This is symbolized by a big exclamation point and refers to chemicals that usually cause redness, rashes, or inflammation of the affected area. Corrosion – This pictogram shows corrosion of material and skin. It refers to chemicals that can cause severe skin burns and damage to the tissue once contacted with. Toxic – This pictogram shows a skull and crossbones, and symbolizes chemicals that even at a very low exposure—can cause irreversible changes or mutations to a person's DNA, damage to health, or even fatality. Health hazard – This symbol shows a person with damage and pertains to chemicals that can cause serious and long-term negative impacts on health. Carcinogens are also substances that are known to be cancer-causing chemicals..

[Audio] Ergonomical hazard: Physical ergonomics: Work related Musculoskeletal disorder – it is a Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are disorders of the muscles, tendons, nerves, joints, cartilage, spinal discs, and related tissues that are caused or worsened by work conditions or tasks, Material handling, working postures, etc., Cognitive ergonomics: Cognitive load is caused by the cognitive demands of work tasks, which easily exceed the natural limitations of human cognitive capacities, but strain may also be further increased by working conditions such as Mental workload, computer interaction, etc., Organizational ergonomics: Combines elements of both physical and cognitive ergonomics, and encompasses the latest of these areas. This area works to optimize social and technical systems, together with their organizational structures and policies. Eg: Work time, team work, communication. Etc.,.

[Audio] Hazard Reporting The primary objective of hazard reporting is to spot these issues before they result in injury, illness, or damage, allowing employers and employees to take preventive action and foster a safer work environment. Sound reasons for reporting All Accidents You learn nothing from unreported accidents Accident causes go uncorrected Infection and injury aggravations can result Failure to report injuries tends to spread and become accepted practice. Preventing Recurrence.

[Audio] HIRA Hazard identification & risk assessment involves identifying potential hazards and assessing the associated risks in order to implement necessary measures to control and mitigate these risks. HIRA helps organizations become proactive in preventing accidents and incidents rather than just reacting to them. By conducting a thorough HIRA create a safer working environment for workers. JOB SPECIFIC TRAINING Workplace Safety Training refers to educating and training employees about the hazards they may encounter in their work environment and how to safely handle or avoid them. The primary goal of this training is to minimize the risk of job-related accidents, injuries, and illnesses. BBS Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) is an approach to safety management that focuses on workers' behavior as the cause of most work-related injuries and accidents. The primary objective of BBS is to identify and modify unsafe behaviors to prevent accidents and injuries in the workplace. SENSORS Proper sensors should be installed and should not be by-passed for any maintenance work or other works..

[Audio] Access: Keep the access clear for the fire exit, fire extinguisher, fire hydrant and other emergency equipments. SOP: Standard operating procedure should be followed without any slight deviation. Equipment inspection: Periodic and prior inspection should be done on every equipment before using. PPE: Necessary PPE must be worn during the activity..

[Audio] You can expect many benefits from preventing occupational accidents/incidents Some of the benefits you might expect are Reduced industrial insurance premium costs Reduced indirect costs of accidents Fewer compliance inspections and penalties Avoidance of adverse publicity from deaths or major accidents Reduced pain and suffering by injured workers Reduced long-term or permanent disability cases Improved morale and loyalty from individual workers Increased productivity from workers.

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[Audio] Thank You all for participating.. THINK.