Thermal power plant

Thermal power plant.

[Audio] Contents S.no. Topic Module no. 1 General Description & Layout of Thermal Power Plant AA0 2 Coal fired Boiler AA1 3 ESP & Boiler Accessories AA2 4 Deaerator & Cooling Tower AA3 5 Condenser & Ejector AA4 6 Balance of Plant AA5.

[Audio] Thermal power plant. 3. Thermal power plant.

[Audio] Thermal power plant A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover (Turbine) is steam driven. In Boiler, water is heated, converted into steam, which spins a steam turbine driving an electrical generator After steam passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed into water, in a condenser and recycled to Boiler where it was heated. This complete cycle is known as a Rankine cycle. The variation in the design of thermal power stations is due to the different fuel sources. Some prefer to use the term energy center (for power plant) because such facilities convert forms of heat energy into electrical energy.

[Audio] Thermal power plant (contd..) All power plants using fuel such as, coal, nuclear, solar thermal, natural gas are thermal. Natural gas is normally combusted in gas turbines as well as in boilers. After power is produced in Gas turbines, the waste heat from a gas turbine is used to raise steam, in a combined cycle, that steam is used for process heat or generation of power in steam turbine. This improves overall thermal efficiency. Power plants burning coal, oil, or natural gas are often referred to collectively as fossil-fuel power plants. Some biomass-fueled thermal power plants have come up recently.[Biomass is plant or animal combustible material] Power plants working on biomass, water, wind & solar are defined as Renewable energy power plants ….

[Audio] Thermal power plant (contd..) Non-nuclear thermal power plants, particularly fossil-fueled plants, are referred to as conventional power plants. Commercial electric utility power stations are most usually constructed on a very large scale and designed for continuous operation. Electric power plants typically use three-phase or individual-phase electrical generators to produce alternating current (AC) electric power at a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz (hertz, which is an AC sine wave per second) depending on its location in the world. Other large companies or institutions may have their own (usually smaller) power plants to supply heating or electricity to their facilities, especially if heat or steam is generated created anyway for other purposes..

[Audio] Thermal power plant (contd..) Shipboard steam-driven power plants have been used in various large ships in, with advantage of being near to fuel production center in shallow seas In such shipboard steam power plants, steam turbines are utilized either to mechanically turn the propulsion propellers, either through reduction gears or directly by the same shaft to generate power for the ship. The steam power plants in such ships may also provide steam to separate smaller turbines driving electric generators to supply electricity in the ship..

[Audio] Thermal power plant (contd..) Shipboard steam power plants can be either conventional or nuclear; the shipboard nuclear plants are mostly in the navy. There have been perhaps over a dozen turbo-electric ships in which a steam-driven turbine drives an electric generator which powers an electric motor for propulsion. In some industrial, large institutional facilities, or other populated areas, there are combined heat and power (CHP) plants, often called cogeneration plants, which produce both power and heat for facility or district heating or industrial applications..

[Audio] History Thermal power plant (contd..) Heat from turbine exhaust steam is utilized for heating homes or for industrial process Steam and hot water lose energy, when piped over substantial distance. So carrying heat energy by steam or hot water is only worthwhile within a local area or facility, such as steam distribution for a ship or industrial facility or hot water distribution in a local municipality. AC electrical power is stepped up to very high voltages for long distance transmission with minimal loss of power..

[Audio] Efficiency History Reciprocating steam engines have been used for mechanical power sources since the 18th Century, with notable improvements being made by James Watt. The very first commercial central electrical generating stations in New York and London, in 1882, also used reciprocating steam engines. As generator sizes increased, eventually turbines took over bulky steam engines, due to compact size, higher efficiency and lower cost of construction. By the 1920s, any central station larger than a few thousand kilowatts, would use a turbine as prime mover..

[Audio] Efficiency Power is energy per unit time. The power output or capacity of an electric plant can be expressed in units of megawatts electric (MWe) / MW. [Power is also measured in Gigawatt hours, abbreviated as GWh, is a unit of energy representing one billion (1 000 000 000) watt hours and is equivalent to one million kilowatt hours. Gigawatt hours are often used as a measure of the output of large electricity power stations.] The electric efficiency of a conventional thermal power station, considered as saleable energy (in MWe) produced at the plant bus bars as a percent of the heating value of the fuel consumed, is typically 33% to 48% efficient. This efficiency is limited as all heat engines are governed by the laws of thermodynamics. The rest of the unutilized energy must leave the plant in the form of waste heat..

[Audio] Typical diagram of a coal-fired thermal power station Efficiency (contd..) This waste heat can go through a condenser and be finally disposed of with circulating cooling water in condenser and finally in cooling towers. Instead, if the waste heat is utilized for district heating, or similar process requirement, it is called cogeneration. The thermal cycle efficiency is higher An important class of thermal power station are associated with desalination facilities; these are typically found in desert countries with large supplies of natural gas and in these plants, fresh water production and electricity are equally important co-products. A typical power plant 1. Cooling tower 2. Cooling water pump 3. transmission line (3-phase) 4. Step-up transformer (3-phase) 5. Electrical generator (3-phase) 6. Low pressure steam turbine 7. Condensate pump 8. Surface condenser 9. Intermediate pressure steam turbine.

[Audio] Typical diagram of a coal-fired thermal power station A typical power plant 1. Cooling tower 2. Cooling water pump 3. transmission line (3-phase) 4. Step-up transformer (3-phase) 5. Electrical generator (3-phase) 6. Low pressure steam turbine 7. Condensate pump 8. Surface condenser 9. Intermediate pressure steam turbine.

[Audio] 10. Steam Control valve 11. High pressure steam turbine 12. Deaerator 13. Feedwater heater 14. Coal conveyor 15. Coal hopper 16. Coal pulverizer 17. Boiler steam drum 18. Bottom ash hopper.

[Audio] 19. Superheater 20. Forced draught (draft) fan 20A Boiler Feed Water pump(BFWP) 21. Reheater 22. Combustion air intake 23. Economizer 24. Air preheater 25. Precipitator 26. Induced draught (draft) fan 27. Flue gas stack 20A.

[Audio] General Layout of Power Plant (Typical) H P Heater For power plant see page 50,pk….. Energy released by the combustion of fuel is transferred to water in boiler,to generate steam at high pressure and temperature. For Temp Press. See 1.jpj dia…. Fluidies bed-286.pk … Heat realeased by fuel combustin is transfer upward and downward by conduction,secondary air from bottom helps to carry away heat upward By convection….. Heat transfer to water is takes place in 3 different parts –economiser –evaporator- superheter 1)Economiser-water heated sencibaly at certain pressure untill it became saturated liquid 2)evaporator/Boiler-By absorbing latent heat of vaporisation,phase change takes place at that pressure and saturated vapor produced. 3)superheater- that saturated vapour is further heated at constant pressure..

[Audio] Coal Storage Bunkers Roller Conveyor Raw Coal Crusher Pulverizer=260-265- (-zing or -sing) 1 reduce or crumble to fine particles or dust. Process of pulv.-Feeding-Drying-Grinding… Primary air-used to dry coal,And convey powdered coal to burner 3 Types of Pulv.-Ball Tube Mill,ball Race Mill,Roller Bowl Mill. Tempering air is by pass to APH as to lower primary air Temp..

[Audio] Typical Arrangement of Large Power Turbine Typical Arrangement of Large Power Turbine.

[Audio] Thank you. Thank you. 19.