A284-BSMA2_HBO_CASE_STUDY

URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan THE CASE OF THE ARTIST: AN ANALYSIS OF JUAN LUNA’S CREATIVE EXPRESSION AND PERSONALITY A Case Study Presented to the Faculty of the College of Business Management and Accountancy Urdaneta City University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Management Accounting Submitted by: TAMONDONG, ERIKA A. CURA, KARMELA STEPHANIE C. MADAYAG, KYLA MARIE DAMIAS, CARL VINCENT MITRA, KHEN Submitted to: ARLY VISPERAS Human Behavior in Organization Instructor September 2024.

ii URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... ii I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 II. BACKGROUND .......................................................................................... 1 III. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 2 IV. FINDINGS ................................................................................................ 3 V. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................. 5 VI. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 6 VII. REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 8 VIII. APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………….9.

Page 1 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan I. INTRODUCTION This case study investigates how Juan Luna's personality—defined by his ardent nationalism, emotional depth, and personal struggles—is reflected in his artworks. By evaluating the topics, techniques, and historical context of his significant works, we hope to gain a better understanding of how his personal experiences and ideological convictions manifest in his art. Through this examination, we hope to obtain a better understanding of how Luna's artistic expressions function as both a reflection of his inner life and a remark on the sociopolitical landscape of the period. The case examines Juan Luna, a prominent Filipino painter and nationalist, and how his unique personality attributes, including intense nationalism, emotional depth, and personal adversity, are mirrored in his artworks. Analyzing his greatest works and the sociopolitical setting of his time, the study reveals the ways in which Luna’s personal experiences and beliefs are embedded in his artistic creations. II. BACKGROUND Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (1857–1899) was a Filipino painter, sculptor, and political figure during the Philippine Revolution in the late nineteenth century. Luna's paintings demonstrate his mastery of technique, depicting human emotions while merging Western and Filipino elements, and his works are regarded as national treasures in the Philippines. Luna was four years old when his family went to Manila, where he graduated from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila with a bachelor's degree. Luna completed her schooling at the Manila Academy of Fine Arts after graduation. During his academy studies, he was influenced by the artists Lorenzo Guerrero and Agustin Saez, who encouraged him to travel to Spain to pursue his education. Luna followed Saez's counsel and settled in Spain, where he enrolled in the Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (Salcedo, 2023). His European schooling exposed him to contemporary artistic movements like Realism and Impressionism, which greatly influenced his approach. Luna's style was significantly influenced by modern artistic movements such as Realism and Impressionism, which he encountered while residing in Europe. Luna's unique approach to art was influenced by his experiences with political and social.

Page 2 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan turmoil, as well as his exposure to these movements. One of his most notable accomplishments is his ability to incorporate political and personal themes into his work. His works, which include "Spoliarium," "The Death of Cleopatra," and "The Blood Compact," are not only dramatic works of art but also convey his intense reaction to the tragedies and injustices that his home country experienced while under Spanish colonial power. Juan Luna used Spoliarium as a means of exposing the ignorance, blindness, mental darkness, and persecution that the Filipino people had endured; it also served as a representation of Luna's own strong sense of nationalistic empathy for his people (Need, 2022). Aside from his artistic accomplishments, Luna's life was distinguished by personal challenges and political involvement. His role in the propaganda movement, which advocated for Philippine reforms and independence, demonstrates his devotion to social justice and national sovereignty. Despite personal adversity, such as legal issues and confrontations, Luna's painting remained a potent vehicle for expressing his ideas and emotions Schumacher, (2018). The problem addressed in this study is understanding how Juan Luna's personal attributes and life experiences are reflected in his artwork. It focuses on how his strong nationalism, emotional depth, and personal struggles influence the themes, style, and impact of his paintings. The idea is to figure out how Luna's artistic creations mirror his inner state and societal challenges. III. METHODOLOGY This study uses a literature review methodology to investigate "The Case of the Artist: An Analysis of Juan Luna's Creative Expression and Personality," systematically analyzing academic sources, books, biographies, and critiques of Luna's artworks to better understand how his personality and personal experiences influenced his creative expression. We aim to investigate the connection between Luna's emotional depth, nationalism, and personal struggles, as well as how these elements manifest in his paintings, through our analysis of these resources. This approach allows for a nuanced understanding of Luna’s psyche, revealing how his personality, characterized by passion, conflict, and resilience, manifested in his creative expression..

Page 3 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan IV. FINDINGS (with SWOT Analysis) As the proponent of research, Juan Luna’s artistic paintings provide a platform to voice out our feelings, thoughts, and identities. Through art, it provides a timeless record of our collective experiences, documenting the evolution of cultures, values, and ideologies. His artworks, like “Spoliarium” and “The Blood Compact,” capture the struggles, history, and identity of the Filipino people. The “Spoliarium” is painted to awaken Filipinos from ignorance, blindness, mental darkness, and oppression. His works serve as a testament to the rich cultural heritage and diverse experiences of the Philippines. Conduct a thorough thematic analysis of Luna's most important works, such as Spoliarium, The Death of Cleopatra, and The Blood Compact, to see how they reflect his nationalism, emotional depth, and personal struggles. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH • Explains how Luna's personal attributes influence his creative output. He expresses his emotional and ideological states through his art, which may be found by studying his works. • Provides an in depth analysis of particular artistic components including symbolism, color choice, and composition, demonstrating how Luna's personality permeates his artistic decisions. WEAKNESS • It may overlook how broader socio-political contexts influenced Luna’s work. This narrow focus could miss how external factors shaped his artistic vision. • The analysis might fail to fully integrate how historical events and societal changes impacted Luna’s art and personal experiences. This could lead to an incomplete understanding of the broader influences on his work. OPPORTUNITIES • Helps deepen the understanding of how Luna’s personal traits shape his artistic expressions, providing a richer interpretation of his work. • Offers specific insights into Luna’s artistic techniques and thematic choices, highlighting the personal motivations behind his art. THREATS • There is a risk that focusing solely on personal attributes and artistic skills will overlook broader historical and sociopolitical factors, resulting in an inadequate understanding of Luna's work. • Luna's goals may be misinterpreted if contextual variables are not taken into account, leading to inaccurate conclusions..

Page 4 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan Conduct a cross-cultural study comparing Juan Luna's works to those of his Filipino and European contemporaries. This method will be focused on identifying influences, shared themes, and stylistic variances that highlight Luna's distinct place within the larger creative and political environment of his time. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH • Integrates Luna's works with those of Filipino and European contemporaries to gain a holistic perspective. This helps to appreciate how bigger artistic movements and historical settings influenced his work. • Connects Luna's personal experiences and socio-political surroundings to the themes and messages in his paintings, highlighting how his life and times influenced his artistic work. WEAKNESS • The comparative approach might not delve deeply into the specific artistic techniques and stylistic elements of Luna’s work, potentially missing a detailed analysis of his individual artistic methods. • There is a risk that the study could provide a general historical context rather than focusing in- depth on Luna’s individual works, which might lead to a more superficial understanding of his artistic style. OPPORTUNITIES • Explores how personal and historical variables influenced Luna's creativity, enhancing our understanding of the relationship between his life and art. • Gives insight into the socio- political influences on Luna's work, leading to a better understanding of how external factors affected his artistic expression. THREATS • Focusing on comparative and contextual characteristics rather than individual pieces may result in an unsatisfactory understanding of Luna's works. • Emphasizing historical and comparative settings may overshadow Luna's personal and artistic contributions, leading to a less nuanced view. Create a comprehensive study that integrates an examination of the socio- political environment of Juan Luna's era with his personal biography. This method will investigate the relationships and influences between Luna's artistic career, political engagement, and life experiences, offering a comprehensive assessment of his accomplishments..

Page 5 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH • Provides a well-rounded view of how Luna’s personal experiences, political activism, and artistic endeavors are interconnected, offering a richer and more nuanced perspective on his life and work. • Offers in-depth insights into how historical and socio-political factors influenced Luna’s art and personal struggles, enriching the overall narrative of his contributions. WEAKNESS • There is a risk of speculative interpretations that may not be fully supported by evidence, which could lead to potential misinterpretations of Luna’s motivations and artistic decisions. • The study may focus heavily on psychological dimensions, potentially overlooking the broader socio-political and artistic contexts that also played significant roles in shaping Luna’s work. OPPORTUNITIES • Provides a detailed understanding of how Luna’s internal state, including his emotional and ideological traits, is reflected in his art, offering a more nuanced view of his creative process. • Enhances appreciation of the psychological and ideological dimensions of Luna’s art, revealing how his personal struggles and beliefs are expressed creatively. THREATS • Potential for misinterpreting psychological factors or motivations without solid evidence, which could lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions about Luna’s work. • Risk of neglecting the significant impact of external socio-political factors on Luna’s work if the focus is primarily on internal psychological aspects, leading to an incomplete understanding of his artistic context. V. DISCUSSION Juan Luna's art offers a rich tapestry of themes reflecting the socio-political context and his personal experiences. By examining his major works—Spoliarium, The Death of Cleopatra, and The Blood Compact—we gain insight into how Luna's nationalism, emotional depth, and personal struggles manifest in his paintings. 1. Nationalism and Cultural Identity Luna's Spoliarium stands as a powerful symbol of national identity and resistance against oppression. The painting's depiction of a gladiatorial scene, with its grim portrayal of fallen warriors, serves as a metaphor for the exploitation and suffering of Filipinos under colonial rule. Luna uses symbolism, such as the dark,.

Page 6 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan somber color palette and the dramatic composition, to convey a message of awakening and liberation. This reflects his deep sense of nationalism and his desire to incite social change. 2. Emotional Depth and Personal Struggles In The Death of Cleopatra, Luna explores themes of tragedy and emotional turmoil. The painting's portrayal of Cleopatra's demise with intense emotional expression highlights Luna's ability to convey profound personal and emotional narratives. This work exemplifies his emotional depth and the personal struggles he faced, which are mirrored in the dramatic and poignant depiction of the Egyptian queen’s final moments. 3. Historical and Socio-Political Context The Blood Compact illustrates a pivotal moment in Filipino history, capturing the unity between indigenous leaders and Spanish colonizers. This painting reflects Luna's engagement with historical themes and his intent to document significant events that shaped the national consciousness. The composition and use of color in this work emphasize the importance of unity and historical continuity. VI. CONCLUSION Juan Luna's art is a profound expression of his personal and political convictions, as well as his emotional experiences. Through a detailed examination of his major works, we see how Luna's paintings are not merely artistic endeavors but also vehicles for expressing and critiquing the socio-political conditions of his time. The thematic analysis reveals that Luna's nationalism, emotional depth, and historical engagement are intricately woven into his artwork. His paintings serve as a testament to his personal struggles and his desire to reflect and influence the cultural and political landscape of the Philippines. In combining the SWOT analyses with the thematic study, it is clear that while focusing on Luna’s personal attributes and artistic techniques provides valuable insights, it is essential to balance this with an understanding of the broader historical and socio-political contexts. This holistic approach enriches our appreciation of Luna's.

Page 7 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan contributions and underscores the importance of integrating personal, artistic, and contextual factors to fully grasp the significance of his work..

Page 8 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan VII. REFERENCES Filipino Art. (2023b, December 22). Juan Luna’s Masterstrokes. https://www.filipinoart.ph/newsroom/2023/07/07/juan-lunas-masterstrokes/ Need, A. I. (2022b, January 6). A perspective on Juan Luna’s Spoliarium (1884) - Art in Need - Medium. Medium. https://artinneed.medium.com/the-very-large- canvas-portrays-more-than-just-the-combination-of-oils-textures-and-colors- it-is-f0e7c7fef856 Schumacher, J. N. (2018). The Propaganda Movement, 1880-1895: The Creation of a Filipino Consciousness, the Making of the Revolution. Ateneo University Press. Wikipedia contributors. (2024, September 4). Juan Luna. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Luna.

Page 9 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan VIII. APPENDICES APPENDIX A: DETAILED ANALYSIS OF MAJOR WORKS BY JUAN LUNA 1. Spoliarium Description: This massive painting depicts the aftermath of a gladiatorial fight in ancient Rome, with fallen gladiators being dragged into a dark chamber, symbolizing death and oppression. Themes: Oppression, suffering, nationalism, awakening. Symbolism: Fallen Gladiators: Represents the Filipinos suffering under Spanish colonial rule. Darkness and Shadows: Symbolizes mental and physical oppression, a metaphor for the Filipino plight. Historical Context: Painted in 1884, during Spanish colonization of the Philippines. It won a gold medal at the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes in Madrid, bringing attention to Filipino struggles. 2. The Death of Cleopatra Description: This painting captures the final moments of Cleopatra after she committed suicide by allowing herself to be bitten by a venomous snake. The scene is filled with dramatic tension, highlighting the emotional weight of the moment. Themes: Tragedy, mortality, the fall from power, personal and political downfall..

Page 10 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan Symbolism: Cleopatra: Represents not just personal tragedy but also the collapse of a powerful empire. Dramatic Expression: The grief and resignation in her face symbolize the profound emotional and existential weight of her defeat. Historical Context: Created in 1881 during a period where many artists, inspired by the Romantic movement, explored historical themes and focused on the fall of great figures from history. 3. The Blood Compact Description: A historical painting portraying the "Sandugo" blood compact between Rajah Sikatuna of Bohol and Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi. This event is seen as a symbol of unity and diplomacy between the Filipinos and the Spanish colonizers. Themes: Unity, peace, cultural exchange, diplomacy. Symbolism: The Blood Compact Ceremony: Represents a solemn agreement between two cultures, symbolizing cooperation but also the complex dynamics of colonization. Blood: Symbolizes trust, solidarity, and the establishment of formal relations. Historical Context: Painted in 1886 during the height of Spanish colonization, it reflects historical narratives that framed colonial rule as a period of peaceful cooperation, though it later led to conflicts and struggles for independence..

Page 11 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan APPENDIX B: COMPARATIVE WORKS OF CONTEMPORARIES 1. Félix Resurrección Hidalgo’s La Barca de Aqueronte Description: A painting depicting souls being ferried across the river Acheron into the underworld, based on Dante's Inferno. Like Luna’s Spoliarium, it reflects themes of suffering and despair. Themes: Despair, mortality, afterlife. Comparison to Spoliarium: Both paintings use dark tones and tragic imagery to convey suffering, though Hidalgo's work is more focused on metaphysical despair, while Luna's is grounded in socio-political commentary. 2. Édouard Manet’s Olympia Description: A painting of a reclining nude woman, addressing themes of modernity and challenging traditional views of female nudes in art. Themes: Modernity, realism, social critique. Comparison to The Death of Cleopatra: While both works challenge traditional depictions of women, Luna’s Cleopatra embodies tragic grandeur, whereas Manet’s Olympia confronts societal norms about female beauty and power..

Page 12 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan 3. Diego Velázquez’s Las Meninas Description: A masterful composition depicting the Spanish royal family, using complex perspective and exploring themes of power and representation. Themes: Power, art, representation. Comparison to The Blood Compact: Both paintings explore power dynamics, with Velázquez emphasizing courtly influence, while Luna examines colonial diplomacy..

Page 13 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan APPENDIX C. SWOT ANALYSIS SUMMARY (FOR THEMATIC STUDIES) 1. Personal Attributes Focus (Luna’s Emotional and Ideological Expressions) Strengths: Deep understanding of Luna’s personal motivations behind his works. Weaknesses: May overlook external socio-political influences. Opportunities: Provides a richer interpretation of his artistic choices through emotional and personal insights. Threats: Potential for overemphasis on personal aspects at the expense of broader historical context. 2. Cross-Cultural Study (Comparing Luna with Filipino and European Contemporaries) Strengths: Integrates Luna’s work into a broader artistic and historical framework, offering holistic perspectives. Weaknesses: Could miss detailed analysis of his individual artistic techniques. Opportunities: Reveals shared themes and stylistic differences, providing new insights into his influences. Threats: Risks becoming too general, lacking depth in individual analysis. 3. Socio-Political and Biographical Integration (Combining Art, Politics, and Personal Life) Strengths: Offers a comprehensive view of how Luna’s life, political views, and art are interconnected. Weaknesses: Risk of speculative interpretations, leading to potentially misleading conclusions. Opportunities: Provides a nuanced understanding of the psychological and ideological dimensions of his work. Threats: Might neglect the artistic merits of Luna’s work in favor of focusing too heavily on political or personal aspects..

Page 14 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan APPENDIX D. ILLUTRATION AND VISUALS SPOLIARIUM THE DEATH OF CLEOPATRA.

Page 15 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente, Urdaneta, Pangasinan THE BLOOD COMPACT.