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By Sayantoni Nandi XI-E ARTS ROLL-06 “Political Science”

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The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country’s overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. The social and economic dimensions of a country are based on the health of people, their level of education attainment and their standardHDI is one of the best tools to keep track of the level of development of a country, as it combines all major social and economic indicators that are responsible for economic development. of living.

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The index is based on the human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul Haq, anchored in Amartya Sen’s work on human capabilities, often framed in terms of whether people are able to “be” and “do” desirable things in life. Examples include – being: well fed, sheltered, healthy; doing: work, education, voting, participating in community life.

A decent
standard
of living
GNI
Human
Development
Index (HDI)
Long and
healthy life
Krwwledge
of school ina

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India  dropped one spot to  131  among  189  countries in the  2020  human development index, according to a report released by the  UNITED NATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP ).  Human Development Index  is the measure of a nation's health, education, and standards of living.According to the report published by the United Nations Development Programme on December 15, India’s gross national income per capita fell to $6,681 in 2019 from $6,829 in 2018 on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. “In India different responses in parent behaviour as well as some disinvestment in girls’ health and education have led to higher malnutrition among girls than among boys as a consequence of shocks likely linked to climate change,”  the report said.

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WHAT THE REPORT REVEALS
Overall index showed
131
2016
130
2017
129
2018
that India scored 0.64 7
in 2018, as against
0.643 in 2018
In India, 271 million
people were lifted out
of pove r ty from
2005-06 to 2015-16
Jan Dhan Yojana and
Ayu shman Bharat are
crucial in ensuring vision
of devel opme nt for al I
India ranks 122 of 162
countries on 2018
gender inequality index

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Out of 189 countries, India has ranked 131 on the Human Development Index 2020 prepared by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). With an HDI value of 0.645, the country fell in the medium human development category. The UNDP has revised and updated the underlying data and adjusted the goalpost, making it difficult to accurately compare India’s ranking this year and in 2019. However, the UNDP in its country report gave some statistics tracing India’s journey in human development between 1990 and 2019. India’s Human Development Index: Trend over the years - The report stated that since 1990, the HDI value of India has increased to 0.645 from 0.429, registering an increase of over 50%. During the same period, the life expectancy at birth in India rose by nearly 12 years, while mean years of schooling witnessed an increase of 3.5 years. During this while, the expected years of schooling also rose by 4.5 years. Moreover, during this period, GNI per capita of India also increased, registering a rise of nearly 274%.

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Human Development Index
(HDI) 2020: Other indexes and
India's performance
Indexes
Inequality-adjusted
Human Development
Index (IHDI)
Gender Development
Index (GDI)
Gender Inequality Index
(GII)
Value (India's
performance)
0.475
NEXT
0.820
0.488
Multidimensional Poverty
0.123
Index (MPI)

Population Living Below Income Poverty Line*
43.3
40_0
11.
30.0
23.7
20.0
10.0
0.0
Bu*ade-sh Nepal
23.6
12.7
6.3
2.4
Pakistan
NOTE: *Purchasing Power Parity Sl.25 a do, (2002-2012)
Data for Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and Iran is not available

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India’s HDI trends compared to other countries

The UNDP compared India’s value in the HDI with other countries in South Asia, viz, Bangladesh and Pakistan. As against India’s rank at 131, Bangladesh ranked at the 133 rd  position, while Pakistan stood at 154 th  place. In the South Asian region, India’s HDI is more than the region’s average which stands at .641, while India is also above the average value of 0.631 among the medium HDI category countries.

INDIA'S HDI TRENDS
•Lifeexpætamy at bith .HDlvalue years of
0660
Zii
0530
0465
0400
190 195 20 Ü5 2010 2015 2016 2017

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Comparison b/w india and other countries on HDI trend

However, if adjusted for inequality in the distribution of human development across all the people of India, then, the HDI report also gives an Inequality-adjusted HDI. After this adjustment, the HDI value for India fell by 26.4%, causing the value to reach 0.475. This adjustment also caused Bangladesh’s value to fall by 24.4%, surpassing India’s IHDI value and standing at 0.478. Meanwhile, Pakistan’s IHDI value fell to 0.384.

Miles to go
India improved its absolute value of the Human
Index (0.645 in 2019 from 0.642 the previous
r), it dropped a place in the overall ranking
Russia
Sri Lanka
Brazil
China
Africa
Pakistan
HOI rank (2019)
52
114
131
133
142
154

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LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE-   The long and healthy life dimension is measured by life expectancy at birth. The life expectancy at birth is a statistical measure that an average individual is expected to live based on certain demographic factors such as the year of birth and current age. EDUCATION-  The second component – access to education – is measured by expected years of schooling of children at school-entry age.The indicators of education are the expected years of schooling and the mean years of schooling. According to the UN, the average maximum years of schooling is 18 years, while the mean maximum years of schooling is 15 years. PER CAPITA INCOME-  Per capita income is a measure of the amount of money earned per person in a nation or geographic region. Per capita income can be used to determine the average per-person income for an area and to evaluate the standard of living and quality of life of the population.

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LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE-   For Indian’s, life  expectancy  at birth is  69.7 years  in the report. This is slightly lower than the  South Asian average of 69.9 years . Also, between 1990 and 2019, India’s life expectancy at birth  increased by 11.8 years . KNOWLEDGE-   The expected years of  schooling  in India was  12.2 years  in the report. Also, between  1990 and 2019 , India’s mean years of schooling  increased by 3.5 years , and expected years of schooling increased by  4.5 years .  STANDARD OF LIVING-   India’s Gross National Income ( GNI )  per capita  is  USD   6,681  which  increased by about 273.9% between 1990 and 2019.

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NEW DELHI :   India’s recovery will be constrained by the human and economic cost of two consecutive waves of coronavirus pandemic and the impact of food price inflation on private consumption, UNCTAD said on Wednesday, projecting Asia’s third largest economy to grow at 7.2% in the 2021 calendar year.

HOW GDP GREW OVER YEARS
(Annual percentage change in real GDP)
7.1 7 7.3 7.9 82
727a
115 2016 2019
ur 2025'
NF Waki Ecaunk
Octobet

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“In India, consumer inflation was already at  6%  before the pandemic. The covid-19 shock caused a temporary dip in prices, but as the economy recovered and food prices accelerated, the country returned to a 6% inflation rate in mid-2021,”  UNCTAD  said in its latest Trade and Development Report. UNCTAD  said, the Indian economy, which contracted  7%  in 2020, grew  1.9%  in the  first quarter 2021,  led by the momentum of the second half of 2020 and supported by government spending on goods and services. “Meanwhile, a severe and broadly unanticipated second wave of the pandemic, compounded by bottlenecks in vaccine rollout, hit the country in the second quarter, on top of rising food and general price inflation, forcing widespread lockdowns and drastic consumption and investment adjustments,” it added.

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In conclusion, the Human Development Index as a measure of countries’ development consists of both, strengths and weaknesses. On the one hand, this index is a great way for measuring development as it is not solely based on economic growth; it consists of an economic variable as well as life expectancy and educational attainment. But on the other hand it does not incorporate other dimensions that are also important for country’s development; as well as it is primarily focused on every country in the world meeting the standards of the West; it has been criticised for being very Eurocentric. The UNDP has however developed a new methodology to measure the HDI; this form of measurement has room for improvement and therefore I conclude that it is the most efficient form of measuring development

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"HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
INDEX"

 India  dropped one spot to  131  among  189  countries in the  2020  human development index, according to a report released by the  UNITED NATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP ).  Human Development Index  is the measure of a nation's health, education, and standards of living.According to the report published by the United Nations Development Programme on December 15, India’s gross national income per capita fell to $6,681 in 2019 from $6,829 in 2018 on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. “In India different responses in parent behaviour as well as some disinvestment in girls’ health and education have led to higher malnutrition among girls than among boys as a consequence of shocks likely linked to climate change,”  the report said.

"HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX"

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