Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 7:59:48 AM. Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:00:07 AM. .

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:03:40 AM. Big Picture: Immunity.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:06:44 AM. Big Picture: Immunity.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:09:38 AM. Big Picture: Immunity.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:10:31 AM. Big Picture: Immunity.

The Concept of Immunity. Learning Objectives 16-1 Differentiate innate and adaptive immunity. 16-2 Define Toll-like receptors..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:12:38 AM. The Concept of Immunity.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:25:46 AM. The Concept of Immunity.

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Host Defenses: The Big Picture.

Check Your Understanding Which defense system, innate or adaptive immunity, prevents entry of microbes into the body? 16-1 What relationship do TLRs have to pathogen-associated molecular patterns? 16-2.

First Line of Defense: Skin and Mucous Membranes.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:27:52 AM. Physical Factors.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:30:32 AM. Figure 16.1 A section through human skin..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:33:22 AM. Physical Factors.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:41:37 AM. Lacrimal glands.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:45:05 AM. Physical Factors.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:46:07 AM. Figure 16.3 The ciliary escalator..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:48:57 AM. Chemical Factors.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:53:18 AM. Normal Microbiota and Innate Immunity.

Check Your Understanding Identify one physical factor and one chemical factor that prevent microbes from entering the body through skin and mucous membranes. 16-3 Identify one physical factor and one chemical factor that prevent microbes from entering or colonizing the body through the eyes, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. 16-4 Distinguish microbial antagonism from commensalism. 16-5.

Second Line of Defense. Learning Objectives 16-6 Classify leukocytes, and describe the roles of granulocytes and monocytes. 16-7 Describe the eight different types of WBCs, and name a function for each type. 16-8 Differentiate the lymphatic and blood circulatory systems..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:56:02 AM. Formed Elements in Blood.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 8:57:16 AM. Figure 16.4 Hematopoiesis..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:00:38 AM. Formed Elements in Blood.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:01:17 AM. Table 16.1 Leukocytes (White Blood Cells).

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:03:09 AM. Formed Elements in Blood.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:03:28 AM. TABLE 16.1 Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) (Continued) Agranulocytes Monocytes (3—8% total) Function: Phagocytosis (when they mature into macrophages) Dendritic cells Functions: Phagocytosis and initiation of adaptive immune responses Lymphocytes (20—25%) • Natural killer (NK) cells Function: Destroy target cells by cytolysis and apoptosis • T cells Function: Cell-mediated immunity . B cells Function: Prcxduce antibodies 7 prn Macrophage 10 prn 5 urn.

The Lymphatic System. Learning Objective 16-8 Differentiate the lymphatic and blood circulatory systems..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:05:03 AM. The Lymphatic System.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:05:57 AM. Figure 16.5 The lymphatic system..

(q) (e). Interstitial fluid (between cells). Venule.

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Host Defenses: Overview. Host Defenses: Overview.

Check Your Understanding Compare the structures and functions of monocytes and neutrophils. 16-6 Define differential white blood cell count. 16-7 What is the function of lymph nodes? 16-8.

Phagocytes. Learning Objectives 16-9 Define phagocyte and phagocytosis. 16-10 Describe the process of phagocytosis, and include the stages of adherence and ingestion. 16-11 Identify six mechanisms of avoiding destruction by phagocytosis..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:07:19 AM. Phagocytes.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:07:40 AM. Figure 16.7 A macrophage engulfing rod-shaped bacteria..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:11:24 AM. The Mechanism of Phagocytosis.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:13:19 AM. Figure 16.8 The Phases of Phagocytosis..

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Phagocytosis: Overview. Phagocytosis: Overview.

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Phagocytosis: Mechanism. Phagocytosis: Mechanism.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:34:05 AM. Inhibit adherence: M protein, capsules Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae Kill phagocytes: leukocidins Staphylococcus aureus Lyse phagocytes: membrane attack complex Listeria monocytogenes Escape phagosome Shigella , Rickettsia Prevent phagosome–lysosome fusion HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Survive in phagolysosome Coxiella burnetii.

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Virulence Factors: Hiding from Host Defenses.

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Virulence Factors: Inactivating Host Defenses.

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Phagocytosis: Microbes That Evade It.

Check Your Understanding What do fixed and wandering macrophages do? 16-9 What is the role of TLRs in phagocytosis? 16-10 How does each of these bacteria avoid destruction by phagocytes? Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rickettsia 16-11.

Inflammation. Learning Objectives 16-12 List the stages of inflammation. 16-13 Describe the roles of vasodilation, kinins, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes in inflammation. 16-14 Describe phagocyte migration..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:37:20 AM. Inflammation.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:39:47 AM. Inflammation.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:41:35 AM. Figure 16.9a-b The process of inflammation..

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Inflammation: Overview. Inflammation: Overview.

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Inflammation: Steps. Inflammation: Steps.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:44:57 AM. Phagocyte Migration and Phagocytosis.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:46:26 AM. Figure 16.9b The process of inflammation..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:48:54 AM. Tissue Repair.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:51:10 AM. Figure 16.9c The process of inflammation..

Check Your Understanding What purposes does inflammation serve? 16-12 What causes the redness, swelling, and pain associated with inflammation? 16-13 What is margination? 16-14.

Fever. Learning Objective 16-15 Describe the cause and effects of fever..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 9:56:10 AM. Fever.

Check Your Understanding Why does a chill indicate that a fever is about to occur? 16-15.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:31:29 PM. Antimicrobial Substances.

Antimicrobial Substances. Learning Objectives 16-19 Define interferons. 16-20 Compare and contrast the actions of IFN-α and IFN-β with IFN-  . 16-21 Describe the role of iron-binding proteins in innate immunity. 16-22 Describe the role of antimicrobial peptides in innate immunity..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:33:21 PM. The Complement System.

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Complement: Overview. Complement: Overview.

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Complement: Activation. Complement: Activation.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:34:38 PM. The Classical Pathway.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:35:24 PM. Figure 16.10a Pathways of complement activation..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:36:29 PM. The Alternative Pathway.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:37:16 PM. Figure 16.10b Pathways of complement activation..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:39:07 PM. The Lectin Pathway.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:40:07 PM. Figure 16.10c Pathways of complement activation..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:41:15 PM. Outcomes of Complement Activation.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:42:07 PM. Figure 16.11 The MAC results in cytolysis..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:42:46 PM. Figure 16.12 Outcomes of Complement Activation.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:43:36 PM. Figure 16.13 Inflammation stimulated by complement..

PLAY. PLAY. Animation: Complement: Results. Complement: Results.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:46:05 PM. Outcomes of Complement Activation.

Check Your Understanding What is complement? 16-16 List the steps of complement activation via the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways. 16-17 Summarize outcomes of complement activation. 16-18.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:49:44 PM. Interferons.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:50:01 PM. Figure 16.14 Antiviral action of alpha and beta interferons (IFNs)..

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:51:59 PM. Iron-Binding Proteins.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:52:50 PM. Antimicrobial Peptides.

Audio Recording May 28, 2022 at 1:53:13 PM. Check Your Understanding What is interferon? 16-19 Why do IFN-α and IFN-β share the same receptor on target cells, yet IFN-  has a different receptor? 16-20 What is the role of siderophores in infection? 16-21 Why are scientists interested in AMPs? 16-22.