Introduction to Spatial Database Management System

Introduction to Spatial Database Management System.

[Audio] I will start by providing an introduction and definition of a Spatial Database Management System. Following this I will discuss the various components such as modeling querying data structures and algorithms as well as system architecture. To close I will provide a summary and conclusion. Let's get started!.

[Audio] As you just saw this presentation introduced Spatial Database Management System which is used in various fields and applications that require management of geometric geographic or spatial data anything from the surface of the earth to the universe. However not all data is spatial data examples of non-spatial data include names phone numbers and email addresses while examples of spatial data include nasa satellites imagery and rivers. With this system it becomes possible to better manage store and process this kind of data..

[Audio] Non-Spatial Queries allow one to extract information from a database based on keywords. For instance if one wished to obtain the names of all bookstores with a catalogue exceeding ten thousand titles a Non-Spatial Query would be used. In contrast a Spatial Query is utilized to acquire information in relation to an area on a map or geographical data. An example of this would be if one wanted to determine the names of all bookstores within a ten mile radius of Metrotown a Spatial Query would have to be employed..

[Audio] We are presenting a spatial database management system that was developed to address the challenge of managing large collections of relatively simple geometric objects. This distinguishes it from other types of database systems such as image or pictorial which are focused on images or pictures of a space rather than the actual objects in the space..

[Audio] Spatial Database Management Systems allow us to store and query data that contain a spatial component. A spatial database management system is a database system that is designed to store data that contains a spatial component such as geographic coordinates. These systems have special capabilities that allow for efficient storage and queries on data that contain a spatial component. They also include spatial data types such as points lines and regions as well as algorithms that allow us to efficiently query the data. With these special capabilities a spatial database management system offers important advantages over traditional databases. Thank you..

[Audio] In order to represent two-dimensional and geographic information systems applications two basic types of data need to be represented. Objects in space such as cities forests or rivers are modeled as individual entities while space itself is modeled as a collection of spatially related objects. This allows us to represent the world around us in high detail and with accuracy..

Modeling.... [image].

[Audio] This presentation introduces a Spatial Database Management System presented by James H and discussed by Srujan K. based on a paper written by Ralf Hartmut Guting and slides created by Farnoush Banaei-Kashani. In this slide we will discuss instances of spatially related collections of objects. Specifically we'll look at two types of collections: Partitions and Networks. Partitions are sets of region objects that are required to be disjoint such as thematic maps. Networks however are embedded graphs in planes consisting of sets of points (vertices) and lines (edges) such as highways power supply lines and rivers. We'll now take a closer look at these two collections of objects..

[Audio] We will look at a sample type system for spatial data known as rose. It deals with two types of spatial entities: 'E-X-T--' (extended entities) and 'G-E-O--' (geometrical entities). rose also provides predicates for topological relationships between these two types. Additionally there are operations which return atomic spatial data types such as points lines and regions. These operations include intersection plus minus and contour..

[Audio] Discussing the concept of Spatial Database Management System it enables users to perform spatial operations like calculating distance and area of regions or carrying out operations on sets of objects. An example of this is use of a spatial aggregate function to calculate the union of all attribute values. Additionally the system can also be used to determine the object in a set with the minimal distance from a given geometric query object. Overall the Spatial Database Management System is a powerful tool to manage data in a spatial context..

[Audio] Spatial Database Management Systems offer great potential for managing and assessing data linked to spatial connections like topological directional and metric relations. For instance we can decide if two basic shapes are adjoining higher or have a determined space between them. Going further it is possible to build a list of all potential topological correspondences between two fundamental regions by contrasting their limits and interiors permitting us to narrow down to the six accepted topological relations: disjoint in touch equal cover and overlap..

[Audio] We explore a Spatial Database Management System discussed by Srujan K The system necessitates an extension of the existing D-B-M-S data model to accommodate user-defined types like regions points and lines. Examples of data of this kind are state names the area of a state the population of a state the name of a city the center point of a city the extents of a city the population of a city the name of a river and the route of a river. Therefore we have to enlarge the D-B-M-S data model to include these user-defined types..

[Audio] Spatial and temporal metrics have been employed in database management systems since the early days of tracking the movements of people animals and goods. With the emergence of specialized spatial database management systems it is now possible to process complex datasets that use location time and other metrics to visualise key correlations. Such advanced systems provide numerous advantages across various domains ranging from tracking the spread of an infectious disease to examining customer behaviour in a retail space..

[Audio] The presentation centers around querying in a Spatial Database Management System. Connecting operations of a spatial algebra to the facilities of a D-B-M-S query language will be discussed initially. Afterwards graphical presentation of spatial data including queries results as well as graphical input of S-D-T values employed in queries will be examined..

[Audio] Querying is an essential element of any database management system including this spatial database management system. It allows us quick and easy access to huge amounts of stored data. As demonstrated in the slides there are a variety of operations for querying including spatial selection and spatial joins. Spatial selection enables us to return objects that fit a specific spatial predicate and spatial joins enable us to compare two joined objects utilizing a predicate based on their spatial attribute values. Through the utilization of these operations we can efficiently and accurately receive data from the spatial database..

[Audio] To answer the question of which cities are located within 50 kilometers of each river pass in Bavaria a select query must be performed specifying the river name city name and the length of intersection between the route and the area of the city. This query must also take into account graphical input and output issues such as determining Bavaria and the output of the routes and intersections. To do this a spatial data type the ability to graphically display query results and the ability to display the context must be used. Through this a query can be formulated that will answer the question..

[Audio] Spatial Database Management Systems (S-D-B-M-S) are a powerful tool for data analysis. This discussion will focus on D-B-M-S extensions for managing spatial data including extensions to represent spatial algebra data types procedures and index structures filter and refine methods spatial join algorithms and cost functions for query optimization. Further the implementation of S-D-T values and operations within a data definition and query language and user interface extensions for graphical representation and input of S-D-T values will be examined..

[Audio] Spatial indexing plays a vital role in contemporary databases allowing for speedy and economical inquiries of the spatial data kept in these databases. This is accomplished with the aid of specialized spatial data structures like R-trees and B-trees. These indexing methods enable only a selection of the data to be taken into account to answer any query thus cutting down the time and resources needed for answering queries..

[Audio] Spatial indexes can be an advantageous instrument for efficient data retrieval. Buckets group data into different areas which enables users to identify which data is near to a queried point quickly. When dealing with point data each record is assigned to an individual bucket. However when it comes to rectangle data buckets may overlap thereby making sure that all pertinent records are gathered in a query..

[Audio] Data points can be embedded in a linear order to take advantage of spatial locality. In this approach space is hierarchically partitioned and each individual cell is assigned a linear order such as a z-order or bit-interleaving. This method enables a fast retrieval of neighboring points within the grid while still providing high efficiency and accuracy..

[Audio] This slide focuses on a spatial database management system. This system has the ability to carry out a spatial join. Rather than the well-known hash join or sort/merge join a spatial join allows us to more quickly filter the results of the cartesian product. For example it can be used to identify all cities within a given region (for example in Bavaria) of a river. The system is able to swiftly filter and refine information with the aid of a spatial index structure..

[Audio] Albert Einstein famously claimed that "Time and space are modes by which we think and not conditions in which we live". This raises the question: could temporal and spatial databases be combined into a single database a spatial database? Both options are possible but should we proceed with the merging of these two concepts? This is the question we will evaluate..

[Audio] Spatial database management system requires an extensible D-B-M-S to accommodate different extensions. Examples of such commercial solutions are IBM DB2 Informix Universal Server and Oracle 10g all of which possess their own spatial extensions. This aids them to be suitable for the purpose and offers a better understanding of the architecture used in the system..

[Audio] At the end of this presentation we have seen how a Spatial Database Management System is useful for various applications. It provides support for Spatial Data Types in its data model and query language along with spatial indexing and spatial join. To conclude spatial objects space itself spatial selection and spatial join operations are all aspects that must be taken into consideration when modeling and representing data..

[Audio] We have been privileged to have James H and Srujan K discuss the Spatial Database Management System based on the paper written by Ralf Hartmut Guting and slides created by Farnoush Banaei-Kashani. We hope you found this presentation useful and informative. We are also grateful to James H for providing his contact information should you have any feedback or inquiries. We thank you for your attention and wish you a great day..