Gregor Mendel, Silesian monk. Mendel with pea. Conducted systematic experiments on garden peas, 1856-63. 

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To resolve Darwin’ s difficulties we need to understand the nature of inheritance: it is not a blending process, but a  particulate  process

Conducted systematic experiments on garden peas, 1856-63

Importance of Mendel’s work not recognized until 1900, 16 years after his death (and 18 years after Darwin’s death)

To resolve Darwin's difficulties we need to understand the nature of inheritance: it is not a blending process, but a particulate process