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6. Final Assessment & Review A quick quiz to assess the understanding.

What is First Aid?. First aid is the immediate care or help given to a person who is suddenly sick or injured, before professional medical help is available. Its main goal is to keep the person alive, reduce pain, and stop their condition from getting worse until doctors or emergency services take over..

Why First Aid Matters. Emergencies Can Happen Anywhere Accidents and medical emergencies occur at home, school, roads, or workplaces..

Key Principles of First Aid Scene Safety Always check your surroundings. Ensure you and the casualty are safe before giving help (e.g., avoid live wires, fire, or traffic). Use Available Resources Be adaptable—use clothing as bandages or water for cooling burns if a kit isn’t nearby. Know Your Limits Stay Calm Never attempt advanced procedures you aren’t trained for; instead, call emergency help. Panic can worsen situations. Calm behavior reassures the injured and helps you make clearer decisions..

Basic First Aid Kit Contents. Essential Items: Adhesive bandages, sterile gauze, antiseptic wipes, adhesive tape, scissors, gloves..

Call for Help Activate emergency services early—don’t delay while trying everything yourself..

When to Start: If the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, begin CPR immediately. Compression Ratio: Perform 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths (or hands-only CPR if untrained). Use AED: An Automated External Defibrillator gives voice prompts and guides you through safe defibrillation. Continue Until Help Arrives: Keep performing CPR until professionals take over or the person regains normal breathing..

Bleeding & Wounds. Elevate the wound: Fresh wounds should be kept elevated to allow the blood flow to reduce, preventing excessive blood loss. Rinse with clean water: Rinse the cuts and the surroundings wit clean, fresh water to remove any infectious objects (dirt, dust etc) Apply an anti-biotic cream: Anti-biotic creams will help heal the wound and provide a barrier for dirt and dust to infect the wound. Petroleum Jelly (Vaseline) is a good example of an anti-biotic cream. Seal the wound: Wrap/cover the wound with a clean bandage or plaster to further protect from dirt. Do not keep the same covering on for more than 24 hours at a time. Watch for infections: Continue to change the bandage/plaster everyday until the wound heals up. If a wound becomes infected, consult a doctor..

Cooling: Immediately cool burns under clean running water for 10–20 minutes to reduce damage. Remove Tight Objects: Rings, watches, or clothing near the burn area should be gently removed before swelling starts. Cover the Burn: Use a sterile, non-stick dressing or clean cloth to protect the wound. Avoid Remedies: Do not apply butter, toothpaste, oil, or ice — these worsen tissue damage. Medical Attention: Get help if the burn is deep, large, or affects sensitive areas (face, joints, genitals)..

Immobilize: Keep the injured limb still and supported; movement can worsen injury. Cold Compress: Apply ice (wrapped in cloth) for 10–15 minutes to reduce swelling and pain. Elevation: Raise the injured limb slightly above the heart if possible. Seek Medical Care: Never try to realign bones; call for professional help immediately..

Encourage Coughing: If the person can breathe or cough, encourage them to do so—this may clear the blockage. If Unable to Breathe: Perform five back blows followed by five abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) if trained. For Children or Infants: Use gentle back blows and chest thrusts instead of abdominal ones. If Unconscious: Begin CPR immediately and check airway after each cycle..

Recognizing Shock: Signs include pale, cold, clammy skin, weak rapid pulse, dizziness, or confusion. Positioning: Lay the person flat and elevate their legs slightly (unless a spinal injury is suspected). Warmth: Cover with a blanket to maintain body temperature. Reassurance: Stay calm, talk gently, and monitor breathing until help arrives. Do Not: Give food or drinks — it can cause choking or delay treatment..

Ingestion: Call poison control or emergency services immediately. Try to identify the substance for responders. Do Not Induce Vomiting: Unless explicitly instructed by professionals. Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air immediately. Skin or Eye Contact: Rinse with clean running water for 15–20 minutes. Other Emergencies: Handle insect bites, animal bites, heatstroke, or hypothermia with care — always seek medical advice promptly..

Final Assessment. What is the main purpose of first aid? A) To replace professional medical treatment B) To provide immediate care until professional help arrives C) To diagnose the cause of the injury D) To prevent future accidents.

Final Assessment. 5. What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio during CPR for an adult? A) 15 compressions : 2 breaths B) 30 compressions : 2 breaths C) 20 compressions : 1 breath D) 10 compressions : 2 breaths.

Final Assessment. 10. What should you do if someone swallows a poisonous substance? A) Make them vomit immediately B) Give them milk or water C) Call emergency services or poison control D) Wait and see if symptoms develop.

Question No. Correct Answer Explanation 1 B) To provide immediate care until professional help arrives First aid is temporary care before medical help becomes available. 2 B) Preserve Life, Prevent Worsening, Promote Recovery These are the three main goals, known as the 3 P’s of First Aid. 3 C) Ensure the scene is safe for you and others Safety is always the first priority before giving help. 4 D) Prescription antibiotics First aid kits contain basic supplies only, not prescription drugs. 5 B) 30 compressions : 2 breaths Standard adult CPR ratio recommended by AHA and IFRC. 6 B) Apply direct pressure and elevate the injured area This helps slow bleeding and allows clotting to start. 7 C) 10–20 minutes Cooling a burn under running water for this duration prevents tissue damage. 8 C) Encourage them to keep coughing If the person can cough, their airway is partially clear — don’t interfere yet. 9 B) Pale, cold skin and weak pulse Classic signs of the body going into shock from low blood flow. 10 C) Call emergency services or poison control Never induce vomiting; professional guidance is required immediately..