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[Audio] Welcome everyone! Today we are going to explore the captivating world of space technology particularly focusing on the re-entry mechanics missions options and the design and management requirements for secure returns from space. So let us begin!.

[Audio] As complexity of space missions increases the importance of safety measures follows suit. Re-entry system must be reliable and efficiently managed in order for a mission to be successful. Re-entry mechanics attempt to find the best approach to guarantee the craft's safe descent back to Earth thereby ensuring both astronauts and equipment can safely return to their point of origin..

[Audio] Today we will focus on re-entry mechanics and recovery and landing and why safety is paramount when it comes to manned and unmanned space technology. Re-entry is the process of an object – such as a spacecraft satellite missile or meteorite – entering the atmosphere of a planet from outer space. During re-entry several forces can affect the object some of which can cause the object to break apart; this is why safety is paramount when it comes to manned and unmanned space technology. Re-entry involves several steps including aerodynamic thermal guidance and control and recovery and landing. Aerodynamic forces can cause the object to become unstable and potentially break apart; therefore it must be equipped with a heat shield. A heat shield is designed to prevent heat generated by air friction from melting the object. In addition the object must be equipped with a guidance system to ensure that it reaches its intended destination. Finally the object must have a recovery system that can safely land the object. Recovery systems are designed for both manned and unmanned spacecraft and are designed to ensure that the object lands safely. When it comes to unmanned spacecraft recovery systems allow the object to be recovered intact. In conclusion safety is paramount when it comes to both manned and unmanned space technology and the re-entry process requires several steps – aerodynamic thermal guidance and control and recovery and landing – in order to ensure the object reaches its intended destination safely..

[Audio] Space exploration is a key component of our society's development. It has been used to gain invaluable scientific knowledge and the potential economic benefits are also enormous. But more importantly safety is paramount. Whether it is manned or unmanned space exploration safety should always be the number one priority. This table details the various ways in which safety is maintained during space exploration from bringing back materials from space to Earth to returning astronauts to the safety of Earth in an emergency situation. Ensuring the safe retrieval of probes and spacecrafts that have collected samples from asteroids planets and their moons is also a necessary part of a successful space exploration mission." Space exploration has been at the forefront of our society's development for many years. The scientific knowledge we've gained throughout the years and the potential economic benefits are invaluable. But when it comes to space exploration safety is of the utmost importance regardless of whether it is manned or unmanned. This table outlines the various ways in which we ensure safety when it comes to space exploration. From bringing materials back to earth to ensuring the retrieval of probes after they have collected samples from asteroids planets and their moons safety is the main priority in all aspects of space exploration. This prioritization of safety allows us to take part in successful space exploration missions with confidence..

[Audio] Today we'll discuss the safety aspects of space technology both manned and unmanned. Space travel is no small feat and numerous safety considerations must be taken into account. To ensure safety the different mechanisms used for launching satellites and humans into space must be reliable and tested. This includes using a module as a part of the vehicle or payload sending a glider as a payload or using a major Launch Vehicle such as a Reusable Launch Vehicle. Each of these mechanisms requires precise attention to detail to ensure the safety of those and any other payloads aboard..

[Audio] Understanding the forces encountered by manned and unmanned space technology due to hypersonic aero-thermodynamic environment requires an understanding of different flow regimes at differing altitudes. The highest altitude to experience a free molecular flow regime is 130 kilometers with a slip flow regime beginning at 130 kilometers and ending at 120 kilometers. The transition flow regime is from 120 kilometers to 110 kilometers followed by a viscous merged flow regime from 110 kilometers to 75 kilometers. The continuum flow regime is from 75 kilometers to sea level..

Sunday, July 23, 2023 7. Space Technology. [image] Deorbit burn Approach Atrnoscheric Landng.

[Audio] Space technology has made some remarkable progress over the last few decades. Safety must be paramount when embarking on a manned or unmanned mission. It is important to consider the forces that need to be managed such as kinetic energy converted into heat energy friction and shockwaves in order to keep astronauts and spacecraft safe. Subsequent slides will explore methods to do this in further detail..

[Audio] Space exploration requires utmost safety irrespective of whether it is manned or unmanned. Research has corroborated the importance of having a low ballistic coefficient for guaranteeing the safety of objects in space. It is also essential to have a low heat transfer to prevent overheating and resultant destruction. Moreover a spacecraft needs to be both statically and dynamically stable so that its trajectory can be retained avoiding dangerous behaviour. Consequently safety is a must when it comes to space exploration..

[Audio] Safety measures for space travel are of utmost importance. In order to achieve optimal safety three approaches can be employed. The first is passive management which relies on changing the ballistic coefficient or angle of re-entry. Active management meanwhile uses aerodynamic lift. Finally the configuration of the vehicle corresponds to the lift-to-drag ratio with wings used for high ratios lifting bodies for mid ratios and ballistic capsules for low ratios. For space exploration to be successful it is necessary to properly optimize these vehicles for safety..

[Audio] When it comes to safely entering the atmosphere of a planet or moon three methods have been developed and studied: Ballistic Entry Gliding Entry and Skip Entry. Ballistic Entry is more like a free fall from very high altitudes similar to skydiving but without a parachute. Gliding Entry is also a free fall but with a slight angle towards the horizon that allows the object to glide over the atmosphere using air resistance to reduce speed. Skip Entry consists of bouncing off the atmosphere several times like a stone skipping on top of water gradually reducing the entry speed..

[Audio] Safety is an essential factor to consider when engaging in space exploration whether manned or unmanned. The data presented in this table demonstrate the safety protocols taken for the Apollo Command modules including the use of Propulsive and Aerodynamic parachutes. Taking safety precautions is essential for any space voyage..

[Audio] Re-entry re-entry mechanics and recovery and landing are the three basics elements to consider when planning a space mission. Re-entry is the process of an object returning to Earth which can be a highly hazardous endeavor depending on the mission. Re-entry mechanics involve properly preparing the return journey while recovery and landing require rigorous safety protocols to ensure success. When preparing for any mission safety should remain the primary focus..

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