Documentation techniques

[Audio] Access to information; bibliographic research strategy.

[Audio] Documentary research methodology It's the set of steps involved in searching for, identifying and finding documents relating to a subject, through the development of a search strategy. This identification of information is an essential step in any synthesis of knowledge and review of the literature in the biological field, as in other fields. This approach must be as relevant as possible, and aim for exhaustiveness..

[Audio] It therefore requires : perfect knowledge of multiple sources of information; mastery of research tools and strategies. Why? In a context of information overload (infobesity) and the diversity of its media, documentary research and information validation processes require the application of an effective methodology..

[Audio] Methodology objectives The purpose of a good research methodology is to facilitate the production of a scholarly work that combines documentary richness and scientific rigor. It is structured around 5 successive stages: Preparing your search Select information sources Search and locate documents Evaluate the quality and relevance of sources Set up a document watch.

[Audio] Research goals Preliminary questions : What is the nature of the work to be produced? presentation, dissertation, article, study report, etc. 2. What is the expected level of information? Basic information: one or two books and an encyclopedia will suffice More specialized or developed information: turn to periodical articles, conferences, reports, theses, standards... What type of information are you looking for? Developments on a subject, statistical data, technical diagrams, etc. 4. How up-to-date is the information you are looking for? From archival documents to the latest research findings....

[Audio] The different stages of research Specify the research objectives and formulate the question; Choice of relevant information sources ; Define search strategies according to the sources interviewed; Evaluate and select references ; Prioritize the information and documents collected; Presenting and communicating information and documents / Drawing up the final bibliography (with the help of bibliographic software: Reference manager, Endnote, Mendeley...), Identify and locate selected information to retrieve documents. Recommendations Working on vocabulary is essential for effective information retrieval; Quantity does not equal quality; Question the quality and reliability of the information found (validated websites, etc.)..

[Audio] Search strategy 1. In databases Keyword search To find documents on a subject in a database, you need to use the same keywords as those used by indexers. Keywords are grouped together in a thesaurus, each thesaurus being domain-specific..

[Audio] Step 1: Choosing keywords from the thesaurus The thesaurus is an organized list of terms grouped by conceptual domain and hierarchically classified into generic and specific terms. Keywords are defined during document analysis. They describe the content of the document as precisely as possible. Using a thesaurus allows you to choose an unambiguous term, so you can be sure of obtaining the maximum number of references in relation to the question asked. Spelling must be respected..

[Audio] Step 2: Search equation and Boolean operators It's by researching and associating the right keywords that we create an effective search equation. Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT allow you to build a search equation, cross- reference keywords, exclude keywords... to refine your search and obtain the most relevant references..

[Audio] AND Allows you to associate two or more concepts. Example: bacteria AND cancer OR Allows you to broaden your search Selects documents where the 1st term, the 2nd term or both appear. This operator is useful either for a broad search, or when you're not sure of the meaning of a term. Example: fermentation OR oxidation EXCEPT Allows the question to be delimited, Allows a query to be reduced by eliminating one of the aspects of the question. Example: diarrhea EXCEPT for the elderly.

[Audio] . boolean operators infographic.

[Audio] Recommendations It's important to prepare the question well to reduce silence and noise. Silence: no response even though documents on the subject exist. Noise: too many answers that do not correspond to the question asked, or do so incorrectly.

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[Audio] Quality criteria Sourced information (authors or site owners) Relevant information (thematic approach, geographical location, period covered...) Recent and updated information (date updated) Accessible information (free/paid).