Solid Waste Management

20M244 SARATH CHANDRA S G2 – Mechanical PSG College Of Technology.

Table of Contents. 01. 02. 03. 04. Introduction. Causes.

Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, industrial or commercial areas. It may be categorized in three ways. According to its: Origin (domestic, industrial, commercial, construction or institutional) Contents (organic material, glass, metal, plastic paper etc) Hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable, radioactive, infectious etc)..

Household waste or Municipal Waste . Hazardous waste or Industrial Waste . Biomedical Waste ..

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)—more commonly known as trash or garbage—consists of everyday items we use and then throw away, such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries. This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses. With rising urbanization and change in lifestyle and food habits, the amount of municipal waste has been increasing and its composition changing..

Food 14.6% Yard trimmings 13.5% Wood 6.2% Paper Glass 4.5% Metals 9.1% Plastics 12.8%.

Industrial solid waste is defined as waste that is generated by businesses from an industrial or manufacturing process or waste generated from non-manufacturing activities that are managed as a separate waste stream. Businesses that utilize manufacturing or industrial processes, or that are service or commercial establishments, are likely producing industrial solid waste. This is a special classification of non-hazardous, non-household waste that requires, by state law, special evaluation to determine the proper disposal method..

Types of industrial waste include dirt and gravel, masonry and concrete, scrap metal, oil, solvents, chemicals, scrap lumber, even vegetable matter from restaurants. Industrial waste may be solid, semi-solid or liquid in form. It may be hazardous or non-hazardous waste. Industrial waste may pollute the nearby soil or adjacent water bodies, and can contaminate groundwater, lakes, streams, rivers or coastal waters. Industrial waste is often mixed into municipal waste, making accurate assessments difficult. An estimate for the US goes as high as 7.6 billion tons of industrial waste produced annually, as of 2017. Most countries have enacted legislation to deal with the problem of industrial waste, but strictness and compliance regimes vary..

Biomedical waste or hospital waste is any kind of waste containing infectious materials. It may also include waste associated with the generation of biomedical waste that visually appears to be of medical or laboratory origin , as well research laboratory waste containing bio molecules or organisms that are mainly restricted from environmental release. Biomedical waste is generated from biological and medical sources and activities, such as the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases. Common generators of biomedical waste include hospitals, health clinics, nursing homes, emergency medical services, medical research laboratories, offices of physicians, dentists, veterinarians, home health care and funeral homes. In healthcare facilities , waste with these characteristics may alternatively be called medical or clinical waste..

EFFECTS.

If solid wastes are not collected and allowed to acumulate , they may create unsanitary conditions. This may lead to epidemic outbreaks. Many diseases like Cholera, Diarrhea, Dysentery, jaundice, plague, or gastro intestinal diseases may spread and cause loss of human lives Improper handling of the solid wastes, a health hazard for the workers that come in direct contact with the waste..

If the solid wastes are not treated properly, decomposition and putrefaction may take place Organic solid waste during decomposition may generate intolerable odor. Non degradable wastes like e-wastes, plastics etc are hazardous for the ecosystem..