Bloodborne Pathogens

[Virtual Presenter] Bloodborne Pathogens. undefined.

[Virtual Presenter] Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as viruses) that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)..

How Are Bloodborne Pathogens and Infections Spread? The Chain of Infection For disease to be spread, it requires that all of the following conditions be present: An adequate number of pathogens, or disease-causing organisms. A reservoir or source that allows the pathogen to survive and multiply (e.g., blood). A mode of transmission from the source to the host An entrance through which the pathogen may enter the host. A susceptible host (i.e., one who is not immune). Effective infection control strategies prevent disease transmission by interrupting one or more links in the chain of infection.

jection Mucous Non-lnta. Modes of Transmission Direct contact occurs when microorganisms are transferred from one infected person directly to another person. For example, infected blood from one person enters a care giver’s body through an open cut. Indirect contact involves the transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated object or person. For example, a caregiver doesn’t wash hands in between caring for someone with infected body fluids and other patients. For Example, Parenteral contact with a needle stick. Airborne transmission occurs when droplets or small particles contain infectious agents that remain effective over time and distance in the air. Tuberculosis is a common disease spread this way. Bloodborne pathogens are not typically spread this way..

How Are Bloodborne Pathogens Spread? Bodily fluids, especially those visibly contaminated with blood, have the potential to transmit disease -cerebrospinal fluid (Brain) -synovial fluid (Joints) -pleural fluid (Lungs) -amniotic fluid (Uterus) -pericardial fluid (Heart) -peritoneal fluid (Abdomen) -semen -vaginal secretions -blood -any body fluid contaminated with blood -body fluids that cannot be recognized Sexual contact is the primary mode of transmission for Bloodborne Pathogens; however the risk of exposure does exist while providing medical or first aid care. When a contaminated sharp object cuts or punctures the skin. (Parenteral examples: needle stick, illegal drug usage, cut from broken glass, bite). When an infected body fluid gets into an open cut or mucous membrane (inside eyes, mouth, ears or nose). When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin, acne, or skin abrasion.

[image]. How Are Bloodborne Pathogens NOT spread? Intact skin is wonderfully created as our first defense against disease. Bloodborne Pathogens cannot “soak” through normal intact skin. Casual contact like handshakes, hugging, sharing food, doorknobs, sneezing, toilet seats, swimming pools, etc….

+ß -O AIH. HIV and AIDS HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself against disease and it causes AIDS. Approximately 1.1 million people in the US are living with HIV/AIDS. Approximately 50,000 people become infected with HIV each year. About 14,000 people every year in the USA die from AIDS. Symptoms may or may not be present. You may be infected for years and not know it. Only a blood test can determine the infection, not symptoms: Fever Fatigue Weight loss Rash The HIV virus is fragile and dies within seconds outside the body. The amount of HIV present in the body fluid and the conditions will determine how long the virus lives. HIV is primarily spread by sexual contact with an infected person or by sharing needles and/or syringes (primarily for drug injection). Babies may become infected before/during birth or through breast-feeding. Only a fraction of less than 1% of the people contract the virus from providing medical care. HIV it is not spread by casual contact like handshakes, sharing food, doorknobs, sneezing, toilet seats, swimming pools, etc. There is no vaccination..

,sna supedeH b' ). Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus reproduces in the liver causing inflammation and possibly cirrhosis or liver cancer. HBV affects over 1.25 million people in the US. About 70,000 people/year become infected with HBV. Each year, about 5,000 people die as a result of liver disease caused by HBV. Infections have decreased since 1982 because of the HBV vaccine. Symptoms may or may not be present. The older, the more apt to have symptoms. Only a blood test can determine the infection. Symptoms may include: yellow skin (jaundice) yellowing eyes tiredness loss of appetite, nausea dark urine clay-colored bowel movements joint pain abdominal discomfort Up to 100 times easier to catch than HIV. HBV can live outside of body for at least 7 days and longer. 90% adults who contract hepatitis B clear the virus from their systems within a few months and develop immunity. About 10% become chronic — the virus stays in the blood, infecting liver cells damaging them over time. HBV is primarily spread by sexual contact with an infected person, sharing needles and/or syringes (primarily for drug injection), from an infected mother to her baby during birth, or sharps exposures on the job. However, still like HIV it is not spread by casual contact like handshakes, sharing food, doorknobs, sneezing, toilet seats, swimming pools, etc..

Hepatitis B Vaccine There is a vaccine available given in 3 doses over a period of 6 months. It is safe and effective. Booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine are not recommended. Immune memory remains indefinitely following immunization. The HBV vaccine must be offered free to employees who face occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Occupationally exposed employees include those who: Administer first aid Provide medical aid to students Assist in bathroom care Work in medical or dental offices Perform custodial duties involving the cleaning and decontamination of surfaces that may be contaminated with blood and or other potentially infections materials (OPIM). Handle Regulated medical waste If an employee does not want the vaccine a declination statement must be signed..

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CORRECT SEQUENCE FOR iRSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) le type of PPE used will vary based on the level of precautions required; g., Standard and Contact, Droplet or Airborne Infection Isolation. Remove hand jewellery and tie back hair. Clean and dry hands thoroughly. GOWN 1 APRON Fully Cover torso from neck to knees, arms to end of wrists, and wrap around the back Fasten in back Of neck and waist MASK OR RESPIRATOR Secure ties or elastic bands at middle of head and neck Fit flexible band to nose bridge Fit snug to face and below chin Fit-check respirator GOGGLES OR FACE SHIELD If you wear glasses put them on. Place goggles or face shield over face and eyes and adjust to fit GLOVES Extend to cover wrist Capital & Coast District Health Board Infection control January 2005. Developed using CDC Guidelines 2005 CORRECT SEQUENCE FOR PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PF Outside of gloves are contaminated—DO NOT TOUCH! Grasp outside of glove with opposite glovedhand; peel off Hold removed glove in gloved hand Slide fingers Of ungloved hand under remaining glove at wrist Peel glove off over first glove Discard gloves in waste container Clean and dry your hands thoroughly Outside Of goggles or face shield are contaminated—DO NOT TOUCH! TO remove, hancne by head band or ear pieces Place in designated receptacle for reprocessing or in waste container Clean and dry your hands thoroughly Gown front and sleeves are contaminated—DO NOT TOUCH! Unfasten ties Pull away from neck and shoulders, touching inside Of gown only Turn gown inside out Fold or roll into a bundle and discard Clean and dry your hands thoroughly Front of mask/respirator is contaminated—DO NOT TOUCH! Grasp bottom, then top ties or elastics and remove Discard in waste container Clean and dry your hands thoroughly.

Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE should be provided by your employer. It includes gloves, CPR shields, masks, gowns, and eye protection. Know where PPE is at your workplace. Know what PPE is available and how to use it. Make sure first-aid kits and emergency supplies include disposable gloves and CPR face shields or rescue masks. Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or handle contact lenses in areas where there is the possibility of exposure to BBP. When emptying trash containers, do not use your hands to compress the trash in the bag. Lift and carry the trash bag away from your body. Follow your facility’s procedures for handling laundry General Laundry procedures: Wear PPE Keep contaminated laundry separate from other laundry Bag potentially contaminated laundry where it is used Use leak-proof bags for wet laundry Transport in properly labeled bags The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act requires appropriate, commercially available, and effective safer medical devices designed to eliminate or minimize occupational exposure. Needles and other sharps must be discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containers. Do not bend, shear, break or recap needles. If you must recap, use one-handed method..

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