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earth materials.
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earth materials are naturally occurring substances forming the planet..
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earth materials Rocks Minerals Soils.
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earth materials Rocks Minerals Soils.
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minerals: Building blocks of rock.
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minerals refer to anything taken out of the ground, such as coal, iron ore, or sand and gravel. For mining industry:.
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minerals mineralogy - study of minerals.
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minerals naturally occurring inorganic solid that possesses an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition that allows for some variation. For geologist.
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minerals Naturally occuring Minerals form through natural geologic processes..
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minerals Generally inorganic Inorganic crystalline solids, such as ordinary table salt (halite), that are found nat urally in the ground are considered minerals..
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minerals Solid Substance Only solid crystalline substances are considered minerals. Ice is considered a mineral. The exception is mercury..
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minerals Orderly crystalline structure Minerals are crystalline substances, which means their atoms (ions) are arranged in an orderly, repetitive manner.
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minerals Definite chemical composition that allows for some variation. minerals have compositions that can be expressed by a chemical formula..
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minerals Definite chemical composition that allows for some variation. common mineral quartz has the formula SiO 2.
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minerals Flint and chert - first minerals to be mined; were fashioned into weapons and cutting tools..
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minerals Quartz Feldspar Gold Copper.
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availability minerals Gold – Benguet, Davao de Oro Copper – Cebu, Benguet Nickel – Palawan, Surigao Chromite – Zambales.
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uses of minerals Metals for tools & machines Electronics (copper, gold, silicon) Jewelry Industrial raw materials.
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properties of minerals Optical Properties Luster ability to transmit light color streak.
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properties of minerals Optical Properties Luster - appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral.
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properties of minerals Optical Properties Luster Metallic Luster - have the appearance of metals.
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properties of minerals Optical Properties Luster Nonmetallic Luster - are described using adjectives such as vitreous or glassy..
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properties of minerals Optical Properties Ability to transmit light opaque - no light is transmitted.
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properties of minerals Optical Properties Ability to transmit light translucent - when light, but not an image, is transmitted.
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properties of minerals Optical Properties Ability to transmit light transparent - both light and an image are visible through the sample.
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properties of minerals Optical Properties Streak - color of a mineral in powdered form.
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properties of minerals Mineral Strength Hardness cleavage fracture.
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properties of minerals Mineral Strength Hardness - measure of the resistance of a mineral to abrasion or scratching..
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properties of minerals Mineral Strength Hardness - measure of the resistance of a mineral to abrasion or scratching. Mohs scale of hardness.
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properties of minerals Mineral Strength human fingernail (2.5) copper penny (3.5) piece of glass (5.5) Hardness:.
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properties of minerals.
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properties of minerals Mineral Strength Cleavage - tendency of a mineral to break along flat, even surfaces that are parallel to zones of weak bonding in the crystal structure..
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properties of minerals Mineral Strength Fracture - the tendency of a mineral to break conchoidal fractures splintery/fibrous fracture.
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properties of minerals.
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properties of minerals Mineral Strength.
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properties of minerals Specific Gravity Texture (coarse/fine) the size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains and crystals within a rock, dictating its physical appearance. a unitless measure of a mineral's density relative to water.
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properties of minerals Porosity the percentage of void space in a rock..
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properties of minerals Mineral Strength Tenacity - describes a mineral’s resistance to breaking, bending, cutting, or other forms of deformation.
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properties of minerals Mineral Strength Tenacity brittle malleable sectile elastic.
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Iron {Fei Potassium 2.6% Calcium 3.6% Sodium (Na) Magnesium IMg) FIGURE 2.22 The Eight Most Abundant Elements in the Continental Crust.
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what is a rock? rock is any solid mass of mineral, or mineral-like, matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet.
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what is a rock? rock is any solid mass of mineral, or mineral-like, matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet.
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rock cycle demonstrates that any rock type, under the right circumstances, can be transformed into any other type.
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ROCKCYCL€.
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rock cycle molten rock which forms by melting that occurs primarily within Earth’s crust and upper mantle MAGMA.
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rock cycle magma reaching Earth’s surface, where it erupts LAVA cools & solidifies, process called crystallization or solidification.
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rock cycle Molten rock that solidify either beneath the surface or following a volcanic eruption, at the surface. IGNEOUS ROCK.
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rock cycle breakdown of rocks, caused by atmospheric, chemical, and biological processes weathering.
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rock cycle running water glaciers wind waves Erosional Agent.