MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI – MLIE 516

MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI – MLIE 516. BILAL AHMADI DAN EKO PRATOMO.

Definitions. Modes of transportation: a basic method of moving items. Modes include road, rail, air, water (ocean or inland waterway), pipeline, intermodal/multimodal and courier/parcel services Intermodal/Multimodal transport: Shipments moved by different types of equipment combining the best features of each mode The use of two or more different carrier modes in the through movement of a shipment.

Determining Mode to Select. The lead time Specific requirements such as refrigeration, heightened security, etc. Shipping volume Destination.

Attribute based on Customer Needs. Capability Cost Capacity Speed Accessibility/flexibility Environmental efficiency Safety Reliability.

Exhibit 5-13. • Characteristics of Transportation Modes Characteristics Capability (Amount]volume of different types of product that can be transported) Cost (Price that carrier charges to transport a shipment) Capacity (Volume that can be carried at one time) Speed of delivery (Elapsed transit time from pickup to delivery) Accessibility/flexibility (Ability to access origin and destination locations) Environmental efficiency/efficacy (Environmental sensitivity) Damage (Likelihood of damage en route) Reliability (Ability to reduce variance) Intermodal capability (IJse of 2 or more carrier modes for transport) Courier (Ability to deliver small packages to the destination) Road Not very Moderate/ high Moderate Fast Very high Low High (LTL only) High Very high Very high Rail Not very limited LOW High Moderate High Very high Very high Low Very high Water Few limits LOW Seasonal Slow Low Low High Low Very high Low Air Limited Very high Very low Very fast Moderate Moderate Very low High High Very high Pipeline Very limited Very low Very high Slow Very low/ Very low Low Low LOW Very low.

Road Transportation. Instrumental in interconnecting all business to all major world markets and driving trade Refer to many different types of vehicles, bicycle, motorcycle, car, van, truck, trailer, etc The only mode of transport that can ensure door-to-door delivery.

. Single Units Motorcycles 2 axles, 2 or 3 tires e.va_ O Pickups, panels, vans 2 axles, 4-tire single units; can have 1- or 2-axle trailer 2-axle trucks 2 axles, 6 tires (dual rear tires) 3-axle trucks 4- or more-axle trucks Tractor-Trailer Combinations: Single Trailer 3- or 4-axle trucks 5-axle trucks 6- or more-axle trucks.

. Single Unit Vehicles. Motorcycles Motorcycle delivery is local, short-haul service in an urban area Limited in what they can deliver (such as heavier-weight objects) Can be fast and reliable Two-axle, six tire, single units A common delivery van, pickup-transport-drop off packages and small shipments within a local region/urban area Three-axle single units Usually a large truck or heavy equipment  greater load weights Example: dump trucks, tow trucks, fire trucks, cement-mixing trucks Four-or more-axle single units Like the previous one with more load weights.

. Tractor Trailer Combinations. Used to move a wide variety of goods regionally as well as over long-haul routes Six-or more-axle single trailers Five-or fewer-axle multi trailers Six-axle multi trailers Seven-or more-axle multi trailers Automobiles delivery Bobtail Tractors Gooseneck trailers.

Road Infrastructures. Terminals Is any location where freight either originates, terminates, or is handled during the freight transportation process Main function is to provide a location to handle and trans-ship freight Terminal capacity  amount of land occupied and level of service offered 3 types: pickup & delivery (PUD), break-bulk, and relay Highways Roads.

. Type of Terminals. (a) Pickup and Delivery / Peddle Run.

. Type of Terminals. (b) Break-bulk Terminal. (c) Relay Terminal.

Types of Service. Local pickup (drayage) Refers to the cargo’s entry into the transportation network (known also as ‘first mile’) Occurs when a transport company uses intermodal Local delivery Materials moving from a warehouse or another mode of transportation to a final destination (known also as ‘last mile’) Multi stop Freight transportation by a trucking company that serves more than one customer and stops in several locations to drop off cargo In-bond shipments Shipments from an origin in one country to a destination in another country that remain in the control of the origin country’s custom bureau until the final destination, when the destination country’s custom bureau releases the shipment for circulation Line haul Longer distance deliveries (more than 450km) between two trucks terminals.

Market Consideration. Road transportation plays a major role in both domestic and international logistics networks Considerations that affect international market: speed limits road widths tariff inspections delivery schedules maximum load lengths.

Operating & Service Characteristics. Capability Trucks often transport a greater percentage of high-value products and finished goods in low volume such as food, clothing, electronic, pharmaceuticals Trucks can also deliver damage-free goods because of the way their built Cost structure cost associated to certain situations and to different types of freight consists of high level variable cost (70-90%) and relatively low fixed cost (10-30%) variable cost include labor, fuel, maintenance, highway usage fees Operating ratio = (operating expenses/operating revenues) x 100.

Cost of Trucking Per Mile. Cost of Trucking Per Mile.

Operating & Service Characteristics. Capacity limited capacity on weight and volume that can be transported in one shipment smaller shipping size provides benefits of lower inventory levels, lower inventory carrying costs, more frequent services, competitive cost for full unit loads Speed Transit time is critical, have impact on inventory availability, stockout costs and customer satisfaction Variety of road surfaces, can adjust to route changes Approx 805 km a day, can be faster with team driver.

Operating & Service Characteristics. Accessibility/flexibility providing door-to-door service travel on extensive highway systems Environmental efficiency impacts to two major forms: air pollution and noise contributes to environmental stress Safety Annual road traffic deaths has reached 1.35 million (WHO, 2018) Some of the safety regulations include (but are not limited to) truck characteristics such as: Maximum number of axles and weight restrictions per axle; truck length, width, and height; mandatory equipment; driver training and hours of service; fuel taxation; type of brakes; number of lights; tire specifications and other operating parts.

Issues and Challenges. Driver shortages Drivers‘ hours-of-service regulations Dock wages Equipment maintenance and replacement Capacity management – Over Dimensions Over Load (ODOL).