PptxGenJS Presentation

NATIONAL CANCER AWARENESS DAY 7TH NOVEMBER 2014.

•Cancer is currently the cause of 12% of all deaths •It is increasing •Potential causes: • Increasing elderly population •Decrease in deaths from communicable diseases •Increasing incidence in certain cancers like lung cancer, breast cancer.

Impact of cancer •Diagnosis of cancer is perceived by many as "Life- threatening" •1/3 rd face anxiety and depression •Family's daily functioning is affected •Loss of income/ expenses.

National Cancer Control Program (NCCP) •Initiated in 1984 •Four major goals • Primary prevention of tobacco related cancers • Early detection of cancers of accessible sites •Augmentation of treatment facilities • Establishment of palliative care network.

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Marie Sktodowska Curie, 7th November 1867-4th July 1934 Born in Warsaw, Poland Naturalized French Citizen Worked in both Physics and Chemistry Conducted pioneering research on theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined), Techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, • The discovery of two elements, polonium and radium Curie died in 1934 at the sanatorium of Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, due to aplastic anemia brought on by exposure to radiation.

• First woman to win the Nobel Prize •First person and the only woman to win it twice in • Different sciences • Part of Curie family legacy of 5 Nobel prizes • 1903 — Shared the Nobel prize with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel for Physics •1911 — Won the Nobel prize in Chemistry •1936 - Irene & Joliet won the Nobel prize in Chemistry.

• Under her direction the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes. •She also defined an international standard for radioactive emissions that was eventually named for her and Pierre: the "curie" •She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centers of medical research today..

• During World War l, Curie saw a need for field radiological centers near the front lines to assist doctors in the battlefield • She developed mobile radiography units, which came to be popularly known as "Petites Curies" ("Little Curies"). • She became the director of the Red Cross Radiology Service and set up France's first military radiology center, operational by late 1914 • Curie directed the installation of 20 mobile radiological vehicles and another 200 radiological units at field hospitals in the first year of the war World War I Curie in a mobile X-ray vehicle.

GLOBAL PROBLEM OF CANCER Total Cancer Developed Countries Developing Countries Incidence 12 Million 5.4 Million 6.7 Million Mortality 7.6 Million 2.9 Million 4.7 Million.

CANCER SCENARIO IN INDIA There are 2-2.5 million cases of Cancer Prevalent in India at any point in time. 9-10 lac cancers are detected each year in India. Cancer is the cause of death annually in about 6.8 lacs. Cancers are the 2nd leading cause of death in India. This is likely to double by 2015 and triple by 2030..

More than 2/3rd (70%) cancer burden is related to life style factors, hence preventable. More than 1/3rd cancers (2 out of every 5) are tobacco related and others due to faulty diet habits and social habits..

The unhealthy life style that increases risk of cancers is Tobacco consumption (cigarette smoking, Hukka smoking, chewing tobacco etc.) Increased consumption of animal fats & oils, Refined foods, spicy and hot foods, hot boiling tea, Sundried vegetables and smoked fish, Sedentary life style, obesity, Alcohol consumption, or Un-necessary exposure to X-ray or toxic chemicals and Some specific infections (Hepatitis-B, Human papilloma virus)..

5 most frequent cancers Male Oral cavity Lung Stomach Colorectum Other pharynx Female Breast Cervix uteri Colorectum Ovary Lip, oral cavity Both sexes Breast Cervix uteri Oral cavity Lung Colorectum.

Males COMMON CANCERS : GLOBAL Females Developed Prostate Lung Colorectal * Related to Infection Developing Lung Stomach * Liver Developed Breast Colorectal Lung Developing Breast Cervix Stomach * All the three common cancers above ( both developed & developing) are also leading causes of cancer death. 15 % of all cancers — infection related ( 3 times more in developing countries).

IARC-GLOBOCAN-2012 Estimated Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates : Lung Lip. oral cavity Stornach Colorecturn Other pharynx Oesophagus L a rynx Prostate L eukaerni a Norn—Hodgkin lyr-nphorna Bladder Brain. nervous systern Gallbladder Pancreas o MEN(Adults) Inci dence Mortality 5 25 30 rate per 20 00.000.

169.108 19.095 (40%) 19.619 (41%) 22,900 (4.8%) Incidence 53.842 (l I .3%) 53.728 (11.3%) 43.386 (91%) ——36.917 (77%) ——=31.735 (6 27.152 (57%) n Lip, oral cavity n Lung n Stomach Colorectum Other pharynx n Oesophagus n Leukaemia D Prostate Other and unspecified MEN- Adults (source : IARC-GLOBOCAN-2012).

106.786 (29Q%)—— 12,231 (34%) 16.068 (45%) 15.805 (44%) 25.170 (7 P/O) Mortality 36,436 (109%) 48,697 (137%) 40,721 (1 27,814 (7.8%) 27,002 (7.6%) MEN- Adults Lip, oral cavity Lung Stomach Colorectum Other pharynx Oesophagus n Larynx Leukaemia Prostate Other and unspecified (source : GLOBOCAN-2012).

291 ,464 (43A%)— 63,818 5-year prevalence 83.708 (1260/0) 24.473 (37%) 31 ,050 (47%) (75%) —-346.748 (7.0%) 14.018 (21%) 45,444 (6.8%) 13,954 (21%) MEN- Adults A Lip, oral caviw n Lung D Stomach Colorectum Other pharynx Oesophagus a Larynx tl Leukaemia D Prostate Other and unspecified (source : GLOBOCAN-2012).

Estimated Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates: Women(Adults) Breast Cervix uteri Colorecturn Ovary Lip. oral cavity Sterna c h Lung Oesophagus Corpus uteri L eukaerni a Gallbladder Liver Thyro i d Nori-Hodgkin Ivrnphorna Other pharynx o (source : GLOBOCAN-2012) Incidence Mortalitv 25 30 ASR ON) rate per 20 00.000.

74,897 (230%) 10,644 (32%) 13.513 (41%) 15.062 (46%) 18.320 (56%) 15.631 (4R%) 19.549 (6130/0) (source : GLOBOCAN-2012) Mortality 70.218 (21.5%) 67 ,477 (207%) 20.789 (64%) Women (Adults) Breast D Cervix uteri Colorectum a Ovary Lip. oral cavity Stomach Lung Oesophagus Leukaemia Other and unspecified.

252.296 (224%) 10,088 (080/0) 8,139 (07%) 14,340 (l .30/0) 35,194 (31%) 55,231 5—year prevalence 396.991 (352%) 308.901 (274%) Women (Adults) n Breast n Cemx uteri Colorectum u Lip. oral catity n Stomach n Lung I Oesophagus n Leukaemia Other and unspecified (Source: Globocan-2012).

Estimated Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates: (Both sexes) Cervix uteri Lip. oral cavity Lung Colorecturn Stornach Ova ry Prostate Oesophagus Other pharynx Leukaerni a Liver L a rynx Corpus uteri Nora-Hodgkin Ivrnphorna o (source : GLOBOCAN-2012' Incidence 5 10 15 20 1 oo .ooo 25 30.

Incidence 359.449 (35 32.532 (32%) 38.691 41 (4.1%) 63.097 (69%) (source : GLOBOCAN-2012) 144,937 (14.3%) 77.003 (7.6%) 70.275 (6Q0/O) 64,332 (68%) (Both sexes) n Breast n Cervix uteri n Lip, oral cavity n lung [l Colorecturn n Stomach n Oesophagus Other II leukaemia Other and unspecified.

Mortality 223.486 26.712 (3Q%) 32,784 (49%) 38.683 (57%) 70218 (103%) 67477 (99/0) 52,067 (7 63,759 (92%) 48,603 (70/0) 59,041 (86%) (Both sexes) Breast n Cervix uteri A Lip. oral cavity Lung Colorectum Stomach Oesophagus Other pharynx Leukaemia Other and unspecified (source : GLOBOCAN-2012).

5-year prevalence (Both sexes) Breast 698.247 24.042 (1.3%) 56.754 22.157 (l .2%) 45,390 (26%) 86,650 (0%) (source : GLOBOCAN-2012' 396.991 (222%) 308.901 (17 118.902 (66%) 32.464 (l .8%) tl uteri I lip, oral cavil/ n lung Colorectum n Stomach I Oesophagus Other pharynx n leukaemia Other and unspecified.

Summary statistics (2012)-lNDIA Population (thousands) Number of new cancer cases (thousands) Age-Standardized Rate (W) Number of cancer deaths (thousands) Age-standardized rate (W) Risk of getting cancer before age 75 (%) Risk of dying from cancer [before age 75 Male 649474 477.5 92.4 356.7 69.7 10.2 7.8 Female 608876 537.5 97.4 326.1 60.2 10.1 6.5 Both sexes 1258350 1014.9 94.0 682.8 64.5 10.1 7.1.

Factors believed to be the causes of cancer Tobacco Infection Diet and exercise Radiation Heredity Chemicals Physical agents Trauma and inflammation Hormones Unknown causes Smoking and alcohol use cmths due to smoking and due to alcohol use) Chronic infections (Deaths mostly in g»or countnes due to hepatitis B virus, human papdloma virus. HIV. human T-cell leukemia/ lyrnptxyna, and others.) 30-35% Unbalanced diet (One-third of all cancer due to many high cartxmydrates. too many calories leading to a lack ot physical activity.) 18-20% Hormones 1% Pollution Occupation Deaths mcBtty where tx»llution is heavy.

CANCER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INCREASING Deaths from infectious diseases Childhood mortality Longevity Adoption of Western Life style Cigarette Smoking Higher consumption of saturated fat Consumption of Calorie dense foods Physical activity Survival rates poorer in developing countries (lack of availability of early detection and treatment services).

TREND • Cancer of Breast is showing significantly rising trend among urban women and Cervical cancer incidence is gradually declining • Tobacco Related Cancers Constitute half of all cancers in males and one-third in females, i.e. Overall about 35-40 percent of cancers are related to the use of tobacco • Over 75 percent of the cases report for diagnostic and treatment services in advanced stages of the disease resulting in poor survival and high mortality rates.

AGE - ADJUSTED INCIDENCE RATES OF CANCER PER 100,000: 2010 Registry Bangalore Bhopal Chennai Delhi Mumbai Barshi* Males 95.2 93.5 109.4 119.7 96.6 45.3 Females 120.2 95.4 119.0 114.7 104.6 59.9 * Rural based cancer Registry.

CANCER PREVENTION 2/3 of all cancers may be prevented by • Avoiding tobacco • Avoiding/limiting alcohol Consumption • Eating adequate fruits and vegetables daily • Choosing healthy food • Eating a low fat diet • Regular exercising • Maintaining healthy weight throughout life • Knowing family history of cancer • Limiting exposure sun/radiation.

Cancer's Seven Warning Signals 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Changes in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness If you have a warning signal, see your doctor..

Screening for cancer • Early detection provides the best opportunity for successful treatment • Reliable screening tests are available for certain cancers Ex: Cervix — PAP smear Breast — Mammography, BSE • Screening for oral cavity premalignant lesions/cancer • Screening for Prostate cancer • HPV vaccine (Bivalent/Quadrivalent) • Treat/Eradicate H.py/ori infection.

Healthy life choices Early Detection Treatment for ALL IT'S NOT BEYOND US Quality of Life.