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MODULE 1 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT O1- HISTORY PERSPECTIVE

SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER CERTIFICATE COURSE

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To describe the historical development of OSH management over the centuries To recall the background to the development of OSHA 1994 and its  underlying philosophy To recall the development of  occupational safety and health management system

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OSH before and during the industrial  revolution Development in OSH management  between the 1930’s and 1970’s Development of self-regulation legislation Modern OSH management

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EARLY RECOGNITION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

1473 In 1473 a German physician, Ellenborg, published the first known pamphlets on occupational disease from gold miners. 1556 In 1556 the German scholar, Agricola, described the diseases of miners.

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In 1713 Ramazzini, who is regarded as the  father of occupational medicine,  suggested that in diagnosis doctors should ask patients about their occupations.

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In 1980’s, Behavioral Based Safety  (BBS) was introduced; Based on Heinrich’s findings. Work by recognizing safe work habits and  offering rewards and punishment. Problem: Focuses on workers and not on hazard or  management Reward and punishment system have  flaws

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Current development of Occupational  Safety And Health management system was driven by  two parallel forces : Self-regulatory legislation  in the United  Kingdom (1974), Quality management movement

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Lord  Robens , Chairman of a Royal Safety  Commission Report noted that: there was too many OSH legislation, was fragmented, limited in coverage (specific hazards &  workplace), out of date and difficult to update, inflexible (prescriptive), people thought that safety was what  government inspectors enforced

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Lord  Robens  recommended Self regulation Report resulted in the Health and Safety of Workers At Work Act in the UK in 1974

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Similar legislation was enacted in Australia  in 1984 Enacted in Malaysia in 1994 after the 1992 Bright Sparkler accident in Sungai  Buloh

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Features of “ Robens  style” legislation: General duties of care by: Employer, employee, manufacturer, designer, supplier Duty of employer to make the workplace safe Consultation with employees through Safety  and Health Committees Safety and Health Officer as advisor and  coordinator Improvement and prohibition notices

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Legislation follow major accidents and reinforce need for management system

ACCIDENT REGULATION/PROGRAMME Flixborough  (1974) CIMAH regulations 1996 Bhopal (1984) “Responsible Care” / Process safety Piper Alpha (1988) Risk Assessment / Management system

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QUALITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT

There are similar issues in safety management as in quality management Example: – Productivity – Worker involvement – Proactive approach – Scientific approach – Customer and human rights

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Management system standards: ISO 9000 QMS was proven successful and ISO 14000 EMS was introduced in 1996 UK published BS 8800 and Australia AS8401  OSH management systems in 1996

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International and auditable OHSAS 18001 OSH Management System published in 1999 ILO approved an OSH management system for governments to adopt during 2000

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The industrial revolution cause of industrial  accidents. Laws were enacted to compensate and  protect workers in 1833. Safety management guidelines began with Heinrich and followed by Frank Bird and  others.

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Lord  Robens  in 1972 recommended self regulatory legislation. Adopted by Malaysia in  1994. Outcome of accidents in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in OSH management system today.

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Health problems due to occupation has been  known from ancient times Industrial accidents became rampant after the  industrial revolution Accidents in the 70’s & 80’s resulted in OSH-MS  today

MODULE 1 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT O1-HISTORY PERSPECTIVE

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